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Force Field Analysis: by Kurt Lewin

Force Field Analysis was developed by American psychologist Kurt Lewin as a technique to analyze the factors (forces) influencing a situation. It views a situation as being maintained by the balance of "driving forces" that encourage change and "restraining forces" that encourage maintaining the status quo. Force Field Analysis involves systematically identifying and rating all the relevant forces to inform decision making, particularly around planning and implementing organizational change. It provides a comprehensive overview of the different forces acting on an issue and their strength.

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237 views

Force Field Analysis: by Kurt Lewin

Force Field Analysis was developed by American psychologist Kurt Lewin as a technique to analyze the factors (forces) influencing a situation. It views a situation as being maintained by the balance of "driving forces" that encourage change and "restraining forces" that encourage maintaining the status quo. Force Field Analysis involves systematically identifying and rating all the relevant forces to inform decision making, particularly around planning and implementing organizational change. It provides a comprehensive overview of the different forces acting on an issue and their strength.

Uploaded by

Gilbert Vasquez
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Force Field Analysis

by Kurt Lewin
1890-1947
KURT LEWIN
• American Social Psychologist
• Founders of modern Psychology
• Group dynamics & Action research
• Develop Force Field Analysis using
Force Field Diagram

“An issue is held in balance by the interaction of two opposing sets of forces -
those seeking to promote change (driving forces) and those attempting to
maintain the status quo (restraining forces)”
KURT LEWIN

Organization as systems in which the present


situation was not a static pattern but a dynamic
balance (equilibrium) of forces working in opposite
directions.
FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS

Force Field Analysis is a useful


technique for looking at all the forces for
and against a decision. In effect, it is a
specialized method of weighing pros
and cons.
FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS

• is widely used to inform decision


making, particularly in planning
and implementing change
management programs in
organizations.
FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS

• it is a powerful method of gaining a


comprehensive overview of the
different forces acting on a potential
organizational change issue, and
for assessing their source and
strength.
Definition/Examples:

Driving Forces - are those forces affecting a


situation that are pushing in a particular
direction; they tend to initiate a change and
keep it going. In terms of improving
productivity in a work group, pressure from a
supervisor, incentive earnings, and
competition may be examples of driving
forces.
Definition/Examples:

Restraining Forces - are forces acting to


restrain or decrease the driving forces.
Apathy, hostility, and poor maintenance of
equipment may be examples of restraining
forces against increased production.
How to conduct the FFA?
Force field analysis is best carried out in small group of about
six to eight people.

STEP 1
Describe the current situation

ZM Manufacturing Co.

- Using old machines


- Same product produced
- Overtime hours increased
-Competitors had increased volume of production

for the 1st quarter of the year


STEP 2
Described the desired situation
Upgrade factory with new manufacturing equipment

Plan:
Upgrade Factory
with a new
Manufacturing
Equipment
STEP 3
List the all the driving forces toward the desired situation

Driving Forces
(Forces for Change)

Customer wants new


Products

Plan:
Improve speed of Upgrade Factory
Production with a new
Manufacturing
Equipment
Raise volume output

Control rising
maintenance costs
STEP 4
List all the restraining forces toward the desired situation.

Driving Forces Restraining Forces


(Forces for Change) (Forces Against Change)

Customer wants new Loss of staff overtime


Products

Plan: Staff frightened of


Improve speed of new technology
Production Upgrade Factory
with a new
Manufacturing Environmental impact
Equipment of new technology
Raise volume output

Cost
Control rising
maintenance costs
Disruption
STEP 5
Discuss and interrogate all the forces

Are they valid?


Can they be changed?
What are the critical forces?
STEP 7
Allocate a score to each of the forces using a numerical scale

Driving Forces Restraining Forces


(Forces for Change) (Forces Against Change)

4 Customer wants new Loss of staff overtime 3


Products

Plan: Staff frightened of


2 Improve speed of new technology 3
Production Upgrade Factory
with a new
Manufacturing Environmental impact
of new technology 1
3 Raise volume output
Equipment

Cost 3
1 Control rising
maintenance costs
Disruption 1
STEP 8
Discuss how the change can be affected by decreasing the strength
of the restraining or by increasing the strength of driving forces.

By training staff (increase cost by 1) you could eliminate fear of


technology (reduce fear by 2)
It would be useful to show staff that change is necessary for
business survival (new force in favor, +2)
Staff could be shown that new machines would introduce
variety and interest to their jobs (new force, +1)
You could raise wages to reflect new productivity (cost +1, loss
of overtime -2)
Slightly different machines with filters to eliminate pollution
could be installed (environmental impact -1)
STEP 7
Allocate a score to each of the forces using a numerical scale

Driving Forces Restraining Forces


(Forces for Change) (Forces Against Change)

4 Customer wants new Loss of staff overtime 3


Products

Plan: Staff frightened of


2 Improve speed of new technology 3
Production Upgrade Factory
with a new
Manufacturing Environmental impact
of new technology 1
3 Raise volume output
Equipment

Cost 3
1 Control rising
maintenance costs
Disruption 1
Key points
Force Field Analysis is a useful technique for looking at all the forces
for and against a plan. It helps you to weigh the importance of these
factors and decide whether a plan is worth implementing.

It also helps you identify changes that you could make to improve it.
Thank you

Zinky De Lara/Mayet Bondoy


Exercise:

Driving Forces Restraining Forces


(Forces for Change) (Forces Against Change)

Plan:

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