VOLLEYBALL

JEROME M. ALCAZAR
Instructor
VOLLEYBALL

VOLLEYBALL is an Olympic sport in which two teams of 6 players are

separated by a net

OBJECTIVE OF THE GAME

Each team tries to score point by grounding the ball on the other
teams’ court under organized rule
HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

•He is a physical instructor teacher in the

YMCA in Holyoke Massachusetts, USA
•The game was created on the 9th of
February, 1895.
•It was first called “Mintonette”
•Dr. Alfred Halstead suggested the name
“volley” “ball”

Dr. William G. Morgan

IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS

1900- the year when the point system was adopted

1910- Elwood Brown introduced volleyball in the Philippines

1912- the year when rotation system was adopted

1916- set and spike were introduced

1917- the game was change from 21 to 25 points

1918- the year when the player in the court fixed to 6 players per team
IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS

1920- three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted
1921- the year when the center line was imposed
1922- the first YMCA national championship was held in Brooklyn New York
1924- the year when Japan introduced the 9-man team with 21 points to win a set
1930- the first two man beach game was played
1934- the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees
1964- volleyball was included in World Olympics in Tokyo, Japan
FACILITIES AND
EQUIPMENT
JEROME M. ALCAZAR
Instructor
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
A. PLAYING COURT
1. Dimension- the playing court is a rectangle measuring
18m (or 59 feet) long x 9m (or 29.5 feet) wide
surrounded by a free zone 3m measure and with a
space free from obstruction to a height of at 7m from
the playing surface
2. Playing Surface- the surface must be flat, horizontal and
uniform. It must not present any danger of injury to the
players. It is forbidden to play on rough or slippery surface.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

3. Service Line- the

area from which the
server may serve th
e volleyball, is mark
ed 10 feet inside the
ride sideline on
each back line
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

4. Center Line- the axis of

the center line divides
playing court into two equal
courts measuring 9m x 9m
each. This line extended,
beneath the net from the net
from the side line to side line.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

5. Attack Line- attack

line, whose rear edge
is drawn 3m back from
the axis of the center
line, marks the front
zone
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

6. Boundary Line- all lines are 5m

m in width. The lines must be light a
nd of a different color from the floor
and any other lines. Two side lines
and two end lines shall mark the
playing court. Both side and end
lines are included in the 18m x 9m
playing court
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

B. EQUIPMENT

• Net- the net shall be made 10 cm square

dark stitches. A rope is thread through the
bottom of the net and is tied to the poles to
tense the net

+ The height of the net shall be 2.43m for

men and 2.24m for women
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

•Antennae- it is fastened
On the outer edge of each
vertical side band extending 8
0cm above the top of the net
on opposite sides of the net.
They are considered part of
the net and have side limits.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

•Poles- two poles

probably adjustable,
round and smooth with
a height of 2.55m
support the net, one
side each.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

•Ball- it is spherical, made of

flexible leather case with bladder
inside made of rubber.
Circumference: 65 to 67 cm
Weight: 260-280g
Inside pressure: 0.30-0.35kg/cm
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

•Players Equipment-
consists of jersey
shorts, knee pads,
sport shoes. Shorts
must be uniform,
clean and of the
same color.
BASIC SKILLS IN
VOLLEYBALL
JEROME M. ALCAZAR
Instructor
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

THERE ARE 5 BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL,

NAMELY:
Serving
Receiving
Tossing
Spiking
Blocking
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
A. SERVING
- To start the game. It is the most important element of volleyball.
- It is the attempt to drive the ball into the opponent’s court
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
TYPES OF SERVING

1. Underhand Serve – the player need to hold the ball with their non-dominant hand, drop the ball
slightly and finally hit the ball with the dominant hand.
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

2. Sidearm Serve – The ball is held at about hip level and is tossed about a foot into the air while the
arm swings parallel to the floor. If the player is right-handed, the left side of the body faces the net, lef
t foot forward and swing the arm as similar as the forearm swing.
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

3. Overhand Serve – hold the ball with the non-dominant hand then toss the ball 2-3 feet I front of th
e body and then hit it with the strong and hard surface of the dominant hand
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

B. Receiving
- the serve is vital to success for any team. Poor reception of serving puts teams hoping to get a si
de out at a huge disadvantage right from the beginning
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
1. Dig – the attempt by a team to properly handle the opponent’s serve or any for
m of attack
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
2. Bump – a method used for passing the ball by bouncing it simultaneously off
both forearms – used when the ball falls at players waist or lower. A defensive hit.
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
C. Tossing

1. Finger toss or Set

2. Ball Handling
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
D. Spiking – an effective attack that a player can make
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
E. Blocking – used to prevent the opponent from a successful attack hit
 POSITION OF
PLAYERS IN COURT
JEROME M. ALCAZAR
Instructor
POSITION OF PLAYERS IN COURT
VOLLEYBALL POSITIONS IN A TEAM

•Outside hitter (also called wing spiker, left side)

•Right side hitter (wing spiker, right side)

•Opposite Hitter (attacker)

•Setter

•Middle Blocker (center, middle hitter)

•Libero
VOLLEYBALL POSITIONS IN A TEAM
OUTSIDE HITTER (ALSO CALLED WING SPIKER, LEFT SIDE)

Outside Hitter is the player who carries the serve receive responsibility along
with the libero.  

Outside hitter most often attacks the balls which setter sets to the antenna to
the left side of the court. Therefore after the serve outside hitters place
themselves to the left front position. Sometimes setters run offensive plays in
which outside hitters run to hit balls “inside” around the middle blockers. They
play both the front row and the back row. In modern high level volleyball outsid
e hitters are responsible for hitting the 3 meter or 10 feet line attacks, usually
from the middle back position when playing in the back row.
VOLLEYBALL POSITIONS IN A TEAM
RIGHT SIDE HITTER (WING SPIKER, RIGHT SIDE)

Right side hitter has the similar role than outside hitter, they play front row and
back row and are carrying pass, attack, block, serve and defense
responsibilities.

Right side hitters aim to place themselves to the right front playing position.  

When playing top level international volleyball on the back court right side hitter
often have 3 meter or 10 feet attack responsibility from the middle back
position.

Right side hitter can be also called a wing spiker.

VOLLEYBALL POSITIONS IN A TEAM
Setter

The setter is the playmaker, point guard or the quarterback of the volleyball
team. A setter’s responsibility is to run the team’s offense and build up
offensive scoring opportunities for the team.

The setter plays both front row and back row, therefore s/he needs to be able
to block, serve and play defense.  
The setter needs to have good blocking skills because in front row position
s/he plays against the opponent’s outside hitter who often carries big load of
the attacking responsibility for the team.

The setter plays the right front or the right back position
VOLLEYBALL POSITIONS IN A TEAM
MIDDLE BLOCKER (CENTER, MIDDLE, MIDDLE HITTER)

Middle blockers main responsibility is to stop the opponent’s offense.

The middle blocker builds a block which stops the ball, or allows the team to
dig the ball up.

Middle blockers' job is to stop the opponent’s middle hitters or wing hitters in
co-operation with teammates. 

Middle blockers need to have great blocking, attacking and serving skills.
VOLLEYBALL POSITIONS IN A TEAM
MIDDLE BLOCKER (CENTER, MIDDLE, MIDDLE HITTER)

Middle Blockers in the Back Row:

In competitive volleyball middle blockers usually play defense only on one rotati
on - after an own serve. After losing the rally after an own serving turn, a libero
usually comes in and replaces the middle blocker. 

The middle blocker usually don’t master in defense because they hardly play a
ny of it. However, at junior level practicing defense and even passing is very re
commended for the middles. Junior coaches should allow players to practice all
the skills equally to ensure their overall skill development. This improves their a
thleticism and prepares players to play other positions - i.e. they may not be tall
enough to play middle in the future.
VOLLEYBALL POSITIONS IN A TEAM
LIBERO
The libero wears a different color shirt in the team and is allowed to enter and
exit the game without substitution request. 

The libero can replace any player on the court and most often replaces middle
blockers.

The libero is not allowed to serve the ball. (Some leagues in US allow liberos to
serve.)

Since playing in the back court only, the libero needs to have the best passing and
defensive skills in the team. The libero need to have exceptional serve
receive skills because often they pass a larger area than other serve receivers in
the team. 
BASIC RULES IN
VOLLEYBALL
JEROME M. ALCAZAR
Instructor
BASIC RULES IN VOLLEYBALL
• 6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and on the back row
• Maximum of three hits per side
• Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)
• Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve
• A ball hitting a boundary line is “in”
• A ball is “out” if it hits….
an antennae,
the floor completely outside the court,
any of the net or cables outside the antennae,
the referees stand or pole,
the ceiling above a non-playable area
BASIC RULES IN VOLLEYBALL
• It is legal to contact catch the ball with any part of the player’s body
• It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball
• If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered
one play and either players involved may make the next contact (provided t
he next contact isn’t the teams 4th hit)
• A player can not block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line
•After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net
• At higher competition, the officiating crews may be made up of two refs,
line judges, scorer, and an assistant score
BASIC RULES IN VOLLEYBALL
• It is legal to contact catch the ball with any part of the player’s body
• It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball
• If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered
one play and either players involved may make the next contact (provided t
he next contact isn’t the teams 4th hit)
• A player can not block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line
•After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net
• At higher competition, the officiating crews may be made up of two refs,
line judges, scorer, and an assistant score
BASIC VOLLEYBALL
RULE VIOLATIONS
JEROME M. ALCAZAR
Instructor
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS

• Consecutive Contacts. A player may not hit the ball 2 times

consecutively except when blocking, provided the contacts take place
simultaneously. However, a player may make consecutive contacts on
the teams first team contact, provided the contacts occur during one
action.

•Four Hits. It's a violation for a team to hit the ball 4 times before
returning it.

•Assisted Hit. It's illegal for a player or any object to assist a teammate in

playing the ball.
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS

•Catch. It's illegal to catch or throw the ball. The ball must rebound

from the hit.

•Ball Crossing the Net Outside the Crossing Space. The ball must
cross the net within the crossing space. The ball must cross over the
net, between the antennas and their imaginary extension, and without
contacting the ceiling.
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS

•Reaching Over the Net. 

Attacking when the ball is completely on the other side of the net is illegal. 

However, there are 4 situations in the official volleyball rules where you can legally block
the ball on the opponent's side of the court before the ball breaks the plane. 

The following are the 4 Situations you can legally reach over and block...

1. After 3 contacts.
After a team has made 3 hits, you can reach over the net and block the ball even if the b
all isn't in the vertical plane or going to come across the net.
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS

2.After the ball is attacked.

After a teams 1st or 2nd team hit, if, in the referee's judgment, the ball is being attacked, th
e blocker can reach over and block the ball. 

3.The ball is coming over and there isn't anyone there to make a play.
After a teams 1st or 2nd team hit, if, in the referee's judgment, the ball is coming over the n
et without an opponent there able to make a play on the ball before it would have crossed t
he net, the blocker can block the ball. If, in the referee's judgment, a player could have mad
e a play on the ball if the blocker doesn't touch it, the block is illegal.

4.The ball isn't coming over and there won't be anyone to make a play.
After a teams 1st or 2nd team hit, the ball is not going to come over the net and the oppone
nt won't be able to make a play on it, the blocker can reach over and block. If, in the refere
e's judgment, a player could possibly make a play on the ball if the blocker wouldn't have to
uched it, the block is illegal.
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS

•Penetration Under the Net. It's permitted for a player to step under the net
into the opponents court provided that some part of the penetrating hand or
foot is in contact with or is directly above the center line.

•Contact with the Net. Contact with the net is only a fault if contact is made
during the action of playing the ball or if it interferes with play.

•Foot Fault. At the moment of service contact or take off for a jump serve, the
server must not touch the court or the ground outside the service zone. After
contact, he/she may step or land outside the service zone or inside the court.
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS

•Attacking Faults. The following are volleyball violations for attacking... 

A back row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of
contact, the ball is entirely above the top of the net.

An opponent completes an attack hit on a served ball, when the ball is in the
front zone and the ball is entirely above the top of the net.

The libero completes an attack hit, if at the moment of contact, the ball is
entirely above the top of the net.

A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the
ball is coming from an overhand finger pass by a libero in the front zone.
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS

•Blocking within the Opponents Space. A blocker may place his/her

hands beyond the net provided this action doesn't interfere with the
opponents play. It's legal to block beyond the net, provided... 

The ball would have crossed the net if not touched by a player and no
member of the attacking team was in position to make a play.

The ball is falling near the net and no member of the attacking team is in
position to make a play.

Contact with the ball is made after 3 team contacts.

TERMINOLOGIES
JEROME M. ALCAZAR
Instructor
TERMINOLOGIES
• Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball hits the floor untou
ched on the receiving team’s side of the court.
• Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball.
• Attacker: Also “hitter” and “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively wit
h the purpose of terminating play.
• Attack Line: A line 3 meters/10 feet away from, and parallel to, the net. Separates t
he front-row players from the back-row players. A back-row player cannot legally att
ack the ball above the net unless he takes off from behind this line.
• Back row/court: Space from baseline (endline) to attack line. There are 3 players w
hose court positions are in this area (positions 1, 6 & 5 on court)
TERMINOLOGIES

• Back Row Attack: When a back-row player takes off from behind the atta
ck line (10-foot/3-meter) line and attacks the ball.
• Back set: Set delivered behind the setter.
• Block: One of the 6 basic skills. A defensive play by one or more front-row pla
yers meant to intercept a spiked ball. The combination of one, 2 or 3 players ju
mping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the ha
nds.
• Blocking Error: Touching the net, crossing the centerline, blocking a set or ser
ve or any other “local” violation that occurs while making a block attempt.
• Dink: A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the fingertips.
Also called a tip.
TERMINOLOGIES
• Double block: Two players working in unison to intercept a ball at the net.
• Double hit: Violation. Two successive hits by the same player.
• Free ball: Returning the ball to the opponent without the intent to get a kill.
Usually a slow, arcing pass or “roll” shot rather than a spike.
• Front-row: Three players whose court position is in front of the attack line
(3M/10 Foot), near the net. These players are in positions 2, 3 & 4 on the c
ourt.
• Game plan: Offensive and defensive emphasis for an opponent. Usually o
rganized for each rotation by the coaching staff.
• Hitter: Also “spiker” or “attacker.” The player who is responsible for hitting t
he ball.
TERMINOLOGIES
• Jump serve: The server uses an approach, toss, takeoff and serves the b
all with a spiking motion while in the air. There are two main types: jump flo
at, jump spin.
• Kill: An attack that results directly in a point or sideout.
• Middle blocker: Usually plays in the middle of the net when in the front ro
w and moves laterally to her blocking assignments.
• Off-Speed Shots: An attack that is intentionally slow. Ball spiked with less
than maximum force but with spin. Also called “roll” shot.
• Pancake: One-hand floor defensive technique where the hand is extended
and slid along the floor palm down while the player dives or extension rolls
so the ball bounces off the back of the hand and is considered legal.
TERMINOLOGIES
• Red card: Given by the official to a player or coach for flagrant misconduct
resulting in a point/side out to the opponent. Results in automatic ejection
and a point/side out for the opponent.
• Rotation: The clockwise movement of players around the court and throu
gh the serving position following a side out. Players must retain their initial
rotational order throughout the entire game, but once the ball is contacted
on serve they are allowed to move anywhere.
• Yellow Card: Given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of mis
conduct. Two yellow cards result in an automatic red card.