Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory

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Op-Amp Applications
Chapter 11
 Ch.11 Summary

Common Op-Amp Applications

Constant-gain amplifier
Voltage summing
Voltage buffer
Controlled sources
Instrumentation circuits
Active filters

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Constant-Gain Amplifier

Inverting amplifier

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Constant-Gain Amplifier
Noninverting amplifier

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Multiple-Stage Gains

The total gain (3-stages) is given by: A  A1A2 A3

 Rf  Rf  Rf 
or: A  1      
 R1  R2  R3 

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Voltage Summing

The output is the sum

of individual signals
times the gain:

 Rf Rf Rf 

Vo   V1  V2  V3 
 R1 R2 R3 

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
 Ch.11 Summary

Voltage Buffer
Any amplifier with no gain or loss is called a unity gain
amplifier.

The advantages of using a unity gain amplifier:

• Very high input impedance
• Very low output impedance

The unity gain amplifier shown

is commonly referred to as a
voltage buffer or a voltage
follower.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Controlled Sources

Voltage-controlled voltage source

Voltage-controlled current source
Current-controlled voltage source
Current-controlled current source

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source

The output voltage equals the Noninverting Amplifier Version

gain times the input voltage.

What makes an op-amp

different from other amplifiers
is that its impedance
characteristics and gain
calculations depend solely
on external resistors.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source

The output voltage equals Inverting Amplifier Version

the gain times the input
voltage.

Like the noninverting

amplifier configuration, its
impedance characteristics
and gain calculations
depend solely on external
resistors.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Voltage-Controlled Current Source

The output current

is:
V1
Io   kV1
R1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Current-Controlled Voltage Source

This is simply another way of applying the op-amp operation.

Whether the input is a current determined by Vin/R1 or as I1:

 Rf
Vout  Vin
R1
or
Vout  I1RL

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Current-Controlled Current Source

This circuit may appear more complicated than the others but it is
really the same thing.

Vin
Io  
R  R1||R 2
Vout   f Vin  R  R2 
 Rin  Io  Vin  1 
R
 1  R 2 
Vout V
  in
Rf R1||R 2 Vin  R1  R2 
Io    
R1  R2 
Vout V
  in
Rf Rin  R 
Io  I 1  1   kI
 R2 

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Instrumentation Circuits

Some examples of instrumentation circuits using op-amps:

Display driver
Instrumentation amplifier

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Display Driver

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Instrumentation Amplifier

 2R 
For all resistors at the same Vo  1  V1  V2   k V1  V2 
value (except Rp):  RP 

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Active Filters

Adding capacitors to op-amp circuits provides external control of

the cutoff frequencies. The op-amp active filter has controllable
cutoff frequencies and controllable gain.

Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Bandpass filter

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Low-Pass Filter, First-Order

The upper cutoff frequency and 1 Rf

fOH  Av  1 
voltage gain are given by: 2πR1C1 R1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Low-Pass Filter, Second-Order

The roll-off can be made steeper by adding more RC networks.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

High-Pass Filter

1
The cutoff frequency is determined by: fOL 
2πR1C1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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 Ch.11 Summary

Bandpass Filter

There are two cutoff

frequencies: upper and
lower. They can be
calculated using the
same low-pass cutoff and
high-pass cutoff
frequency formulas in the
appropriate sections.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved