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    13C NMR Spectroscopy-Revision

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    Arisha
    13C NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the type of carbon atoms in a molecule. It works by exciting carbon-13 nuclei in a magnetic field, causing them to emit radio waves as they relax to a lower energy state. The number of signals in a 13C NMR spectrum indicates the number of different carbon environments in a molecule. Identifying the number of signals can help determine the structure of organic compounds.

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    13C NMR Spectroscopy-Revision

    Uploaded by

    Arisha
    38 views10 pages
    13C NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the type of carbon atoms in a molecule. It works by exciting carbon-13 nuclei in a magnetic field, causing them to emit radio waves as they relax to a lower energy state. The number of signals in a 13C NMR spectrum indicates the number of different carbon environments in a molecule. Identifying the number of signals can help determine the structure of organic compounds.

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    13C NMR

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    13C NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the type of carbon atoms in a molecule. It works by exciting carbon-13 nuclei in a magnetic field, causing them to emit radio waves as they relax to a lower energy state. The number of signals in a 13C NMR spectrum indicates the number of different carbon environments in a molecule. Identifying the number of signals can help determine the structure of organic compounds.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views10 pages

    13C NMR Spectroscopy-Revision

    Uploaded by

    Arisha
    13C NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the type of carbon atoms in a molecule. It works by exciting carbon-13 nuclei in a magnetic field, causing them to emit radio waves as they relax to a lower energy state. The number of signals in a 13C NMR spectrum indicates the number of different carbon environments in a molecule. Identifying the number of signals can help determine the structure of organic compounds.

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    13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY- REVISION

    what is NMR?
    • NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) is a powerful technique that can
    help find the structures of even quite complex molecules. It can identify the
    carbon- hydrogen framework in a compound.
    • Used to find the structures of organic compounds
    • Depends on the ability of nuclei to resonate in a magnetic field
    • Two common NMR spectroscopy are used to characterize organic structure:
    • 1H NMR (Photon NMR) is used to determine the number and type of hydrogen
    atoms in a molecule
    • 13C NMR (carbon NMR) is used to determine the type of carbon atoms in a
    molecule.
    How does nmr work?
    Odd number nuclei are spinning in a particular direction, when it's not magnetized they're
    all spread out and they're all pointing in random directions so there's no polarity there.
    When we switch a powerful magnet some of them will align or the vast majority will align
    with the magnetic field and hence having low energy and just a handful will spin against the
    magnetic fields and have slightly higher energy and what the NMR machine does is, that it
    fires in this radio wave, it excites the nucleus into a higher energy state if it's at the right
    frequency, it will then migrate itself back down to the lower energy state and as it does that
    it gives off an energy wave and this what the NMR machine is measuring and the gap can
    change depending on what this nuclei is bonded next to.
    13C NMR SPECTRUM OF
    CH3COOH
    NUMBER OF SIGNALS
    • Each peak represents a different carbon environment and each
    environment will have a different chemical shift
    • It is essential that you able to recognize different environment within
    carbon compounds.
    • The number of signals in a 13C spectrum gives the number of
    different types of carbon atoms in a molecule.
    • Carbon atoms in the same environment give the same NMR signal,
    whereas carbons in different environments give different NMR signals
    Identify the number of environments of each
    molecule
    • 2-methyl butane ( isomer of pentane)

    2-methylbutane has 4
    different C environments
    2,2-dimethyl propane

    2,2- dimethylpropane has 2


    different C environments
    Predict the number of peaks in the 13C NMR spectrum of
    1) propyl ethanoate
    4)
    2) 3-methylbutanal
    3) phenol
    • Answers-
    • Propyl ethanoate (c5h10o2) has 5 peaks

    • 3-methylbutanal (c5h10o) has 4 peaks

    • Phenol (C6H5OH) has 4 peaks

    • 1 4 dimethylbenzene has 3 peaks


    Interpreting chemical shifts
    • Example of ethyl ethanoate
    Propyl methanoate Prop-2-yl methanoate

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