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    Department of Civil Engineering, Semester 7th: Different Types of Bridges

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    Siddhartha Saha
    The document discusses different types of bridges used to measure electrical components, including Wheatstone, Kelvin, Maxwell, and Anderson bridges. It provides the key equations for calculating bridge balance for each type. The Wheatstone bridge can measure resistance from ohms to megohms but has errors for low resistance. Kelvin's bridge modifies the Wheatstone bridge to improve accuracy for low resistance measurements. Maxwell's bridge measures inductance and Maxwell's inductance-capacitance bridge measures both. Anderson's bridge improves on Maxwell's bridge to measure low quality factors. Schering bridge measures capacitance, dissipation factor, and relative permittivity.

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    Department of Civil Engineering, Semester 7th: Different Types of Bridges

    Uploaded by

    Siddhartha Saha
    56 views39 pages
    The document discusses different types of bridges used to measure electrical components, including Wheatstone, Kelvin, Maxwell, and Anderson bridges. It provides the key equations for calculating bridge balance for each type. The Wheatstone bridge can measure resistance from ohms to megohms but has errors for low resistance. Kelvin's bridge modifies the Wheatstone bridge to improve accuracy for low resistance measurements. Maxwell's bridge measures inductance and Maxwell's inductance-capacitance bridge measures both. Anderson's bridge improves on Maxwell's bridge to measure low quality factors. Schering bridge measures capacitance, dissipation factor, and relative permittivity.

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    Types of Bridges

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    The document discusses different types of bridges used to measure electrical components, including Wheatstone, Kelvin, Maxwell, and Anderson bridges. It provides the key equations for calculating bridge balance for each type. The Wheatstone bridge can measure resistance from ohms to megohms but has errors for low resistance. Kelvin's bridge modifies the Wheatstone bridge to improve accuracy for low resistance measurements. Maxwell's bridge measures inductance and Maxwell's inductance-capacitance bridge measures both. Anderson's bridge improves on Maxwell's bridge to measure low quality factors. Schering bridge measures capacitance, dissipation factor, and relative permittivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    56 views39 pages

    Department of Civil Engineering, Semester 7th: Different Types of Bridges

    Uploaded by

    Siddhartha Saha
    The document discusses different types of bridges used to measure electrical components, including Wheatstone, Kelvin, Maxwell, and Anderson bridges. It provides the key equations for calculating bridge balance for each type. The Wheatstone bridge can measure resistance from ohms to megohms but has errors for low resistance. Kelvin's bridge modifies the Wheatstone bridge to improve accuracy for low resistance measurements. Maxwell's bridge measures inductance and Maxwell's inductance-capacitance bridge measures both. Anderson's bridge improves on Maxwell's bridge to measure low quality factors. Schering bridge measures capacitance, dissipation factor, and relative permittivity.

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    You are on page 1of 39

    PAILAN COLLEGE OF

    MANAGEMENT AND
    TECHNOLOGY
    Department of Civil Engineering, Semester 7th
    Done by: Siddhartha Sankar Saha
    Bhagyashree Das
    Debarghya Banik
    Ritom Sengupta
    Submitted to: Mr. Suman Ghosal

    TOPIC COVERED:

    DIFFERENT TYPES OF
    BRIDGES
    Wheatstone bridge
    Balance Condition
    Bridge balanced equation
    Sensitivity
    Current Sensitivity:-

    Voltage Sensitivity:-

    Bridge Sensitivity:-
    Under Small Unbalance
    Under Small Unbalance
    Under Small Unbalance
    Thevenin’s voltage
    Sensitivity under unbalance
    Kelvin’s Bridge
    One of the major drawback of the Wheatstone bridge is that, it can measure
    the resistance from few ohm to several mega ohm but to measure low 
    resistance it gives significant error.

    So, we need some modification in Wheatstone bridge itself, and the


    modified bridge so obtained is Kelvin bridge, which is not only suitable for
    measuring low value of resistance but has wide range of applications in the
    industrial world.

    The kelvin’s bridge may be regarded as a modified of the wheatstone bridge


    to secure increased accuracy in the measurement of low resistance. It is used
    to measure resistance from few micro ohm to 1.0 ohm.
    1
    Bridge Balance Equation
    2

    3
    Sub 7 in 8
    From Equ. 1
    9

    10
    4

    Sub. equ. 7 & 10 in equ. 3


    5

    Sub. Equ. 5 in 4

    6 11

    7
    12

    From 5

    8
    13
    Kelvin’s Double
    Bridge
    The kelvin’s double bridge incorporates the idea of a second set
    of ratio arms - hence the name double bridge- and the use of
    four terminal resistors for the low resistance arms.
    1st R1/R2 2nd a/b
    Balance condition 1

    Consider the path 5-1-2-6 back to 5 through the battery


    3

    Sub equ. 4 in equ. 2

    5
    6

    10
    11

    12
    • Again we reaches to the same result i.e. t has no effect.
    • It indicates that the resistance of connecting lead has no
    effect on the measurement provided that the two sets of
    ratio arms have equal ratios.
    Practical Kelvin’s double Bridge
    AC Bridges

    • When the four resistive arms of the basic Wheatstone bridge are
    replaced by impedances and the bridge is excited by an AC source, the
    result is an AC Bridge.
    • To balance the bridge, two conditions must be satisfied, the resistive (R)
    and the reactive components (XC or XL). Once balanced, the AC Bridge
    indicates a null.
    • AC bridge circuits are also used for shifting phase, providing feedback
    paths for oscillators and amplifiers, filtering out undesired signals, and
    measuring the frequency of audio and radio frequency (RF) signals.
    Bridge balance condition

    In admittance form

    Polar form of impedance

    Sub. The polar values in balance condition


    Maxwell's Bridge
    – Inductor L
    MAXWELL’S INDUCTANCE BRIDGE
    MAXWELL’S INDUCTANCE CAPACITANCE
    BRIDGE
    Maxwell’s Inductance Bridge

    2
    3

    4
    Maxwell’s Inductance Capacitance Bridge
    Quality Factor
    Disadvantage:
    Maxwell bridge is that, they are unsuitable of measuring the
    low and high quality factor coils.
    Anderson's Bridge
    • Need of Anderson's bridge though we have
    Maxwell bridge to measure quality factor of the circuit.

    • The main disadvantage of using Maxwell bridge is that,


    they are unsuitable of measuring the low and high
    quality factor.

    • However Maxwell bridge are suitable for measuring


    accurately medium quality factor respectively.

    • So, there is need of bridge which can measure low


    quality factor and this bridge is modified
    Maxwell's bridge and known as Anderson's bridge.
    Convert star connected R2 , R4 , r
    into delta connected
    star to delta connection equivalent

    Balance Equation
    Sub. R5 and R6 values in the balance equation
    THANK
    YOU!
    Schering Bridge
    This bridge is used to measure to the capacitance of the capacitor,
    dissipation factor and measurement of relative permittivity.
    Balance equation

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