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    Assignment On: Programmed Instructioal Material

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    Keshav Kharbanda
    The term Programmed learning has been coined from principles of operant learning or conditioning developed at the psychological laboratories on the basis of experimental studies conducted on animals by B.F.Skinner of Harvard University. This concept was used to development of self learning material or programmed learning and teaching machines. B.F.Skinner and his companions had first started ‘programmed learning’ in 1943

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    Assignment On: Programmed Instructioal Material

    Uploaded by

    Keshav Kharbanda
    60 views16 pages
    The term Programmed learning has been coined from principles of operant learning or conditioning developed at the psychological laboratories on the basis of experimental studies conducted on animals by B.F.Skinner of Harvard University. This concept was used to development of self learning material or programmed learning and teaching machines. B.F.Skinner and his companions had first started ‘programmed learning’ in 1943

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    The term Programmed learning has been coined from principles of operant learning or conditioning developed at the psychological laboratories on the basis of experimental studies conducted on animals by B.F.Skinner of Harvard University. This concept was used to development of self learning material or programmed learning and teaching machines. B.F.Skinner and his companions had first started ‘programmed learning’ in 1943

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    60 views16 pages

    Assignment On: Programmed Instructioal Material

    Uploaded by

    Keshav Kharbanda
    The term Programmed learning has been coined from principles of operant learning or conditioning developed at the psychological laboratories on the basis of experimental studies conducted on animals by B.F.Skinner of Harvard University. This concept was used to development of self learning material or programmed learning and teaching machines. B.F.Skinner and his companions had first started ‘programmed learning’ in 1943

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    ASSIGNMENT ON

    PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTIOAL
    MATERIAL
    SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
    • DR. RENU MANN • JOGINDER KUMAR
    ASSISTANT ROLL NO. :-
    PROFESSOR 314 M.ED 4TH
    SEM.

    C. R. COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
    INTRODUCTION

     T h e term Programmed learning has been coined from principles of operant learning
    or conditioning developed at the psychological laboratories on the basis of
    experimental studies conducted on animals by B.F.Skinner of Harvard University. This
    concept was used to development of self learning material or programmed learning
    and teaching machines.

     B.F.Skinner and his companions had first started ‘programmed learning’ in 1943
    Meaning of
    Programmed Learning
     Programmed instruction is the process of arranging the
    material to be learned into a series of sequential steps that
    is from known to unknown.
    ------ Smith and Moore

     Programmed learning is a method of designing a


    reproducible sequence of instructional events to produce a
    Principles of
    Programmed Learning
    • Principle of Small Steps

    • Principle of Active Response

    • Principle of Immediate Reinforcement

    • Principle of self –Pacing

    • Principle of Self Evaluation


    Individualized Instruction

     Logical Sequence of material (Small


    Steps)

    Interaction between the learner and the


    programmed

     Immediate Knowledge of results

     Organized nature of Knowledge


    • To help the students for learning by doing.

    • To provide the situation to learn at his/her own


    speed.
    • To help the student to learn without the
    presence of teacher.
    • To present the mater in a logical manner.

    • To study himself.

    • To evaluate himself.
    Linear Programming

    • This was developed by B.F.Skinner and his associates.

    • In this method the subject method will be divided into very


    small steps each of which is called as frame.
    • In each frame, the student to do something.

    • After giving the answer for the question immediately he can


    check whether his answer in correct or wrong

    F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
    Branching Programming

    • This was developed by Norman, A. Crowder (1960) and it


    was called as intrinsic programmed.
    • In this method the subject should select the answer for the
    question(Objective Type).
    • If subject’s answer is correct he will lead to the next
    frame.
    • If subject’s answer is wrong he will lead to the remedial
    frame.
    • After the remedial frame he will directed to the main
    If Answer is Wrong

    frame. F1.1
    If Answer is Correct

    F1 F2
    Features of Linear Programming
    • Linear Arrangement
    • Small Steps
    • Controlled Responses
    • Active Responding
    • Immediate Feedback
    • Prompting
    • Self- Pacing
    • Simple Mechanism
    • Minimum error
    Limitation of Linear Programming
    • Lack of Motivation
    • No Freedom of choice
    • No development of discriminative power
    • No student centered
    • No specific role of teacher
    • Difficulty in finding background
    Branching Programming
    Basic Assumptions:-
    Needs of the learner
    Meaningful units
    New material
    Traditional Methods
    No hindrance by errors
    Multiple choice items
    Sufficient freedom
    Features Of Branching Programming
    A. Based on traditional tutorial method
    B. Larger frame
    C. Multiple choice questions
    D. Alertness of learners
    E. Easier to develop frames
    F. Teaching and instruction
    G. Psychological and social motivation
    Limitations Of Branching Programming

     Guessing

    Difficulty in multiple choice questions

    Difficulty in arranging the Branching Programme

     Not Suitable for small children

     Costly

     No suitable feedback

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