Basic Fire Fighting

BASIC FIRE FIGHTING
By
Mr. Damaso Ronillo A. Villanueva

February 10, 2011
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the Seminar, the participants will be able to:
- Explain how to minimize the risk of fire and maintain
a state of readiness to respond to emergency
situations involving fire.
- Understand on how to fight and extinguish fire.

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE
• Familiarize Rules and Regulations
• Explain the elements of fire and explosion,
• Understand the physical properties, fire hazard and the
spread of fire,
• Enumerate classes of fire and their extinguising agents.
• Knowledge on how to response to emergency situations
involving fire
• Knowledge of location of fire-fighting appliances and
detection system.
MODULE 1
TIME FRAME = 20 MIN.
OBJECTIVE:
• After having completed this section, you will know
where to find the rules and regulations governing safety
equipment.
EMERGENCY PLAN
• The company employee and workers must familiarize

themselves with the muster list and emergency
Instruction which are displayed inside the company
premises.
1. They specify details of the emergency alarm
signal and also the action to be taken when this alarm
is sounded.
2. They show the duties assigned of every
personnel including evacuation area for their own
safety.
MODULE 11
• OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the topic; the trainee will be able to,
1. Become familiar with the components of fire

triangle
2. Understand on how to break the chain reactions

between the components of fire triangle.
THE FIRE TRIANGLE
• In order for there to be a fire, there
has to be an unbroken chain
reactions between three
components.
The following components are:
1. Oxygen
2. Heat
3. Fuel
TO FIGHT A FIRE
• Remove the Heat
• Remove combustible
HEAT FUEL
materials
• Remove the oxygen CHAIN REACTION
• Break the Chain Reaction

OXYGEN
MODULE 111
TIME FRAME = 30 MIN
• LEARNING OBJECTIVE
At the end of the session , the trainee will be able to;
1. Knowledge to define ignition points, flash points and ( Fire

point) explosive limits,
2. Flammable Materials
3. Fire Hazards
4. Spreading of Fire
IGNITION POINTS ( AUTO/SELF)
• The temperature at which the product will give sufficient

vapour that can be ignited and will continue to support
combustion after the application of an outside source of
ignition.
EXAMPLE OF IGNITION POINTS
Physical Condition Materials Temp. in Deg.

Hydrogen 560C
GAS Methane 595
Acetylene 305
Diesel Oil 220
Petroleum 230
LIQUID Gasoline 250
Methanol 455
Wood 200-400
Paper 185-350
SOLID MATERIALS Coal 250-350
FLASH POINT
• Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a
liquid gives off sufficient gas to form a flammable
gas mixture near the surface of the liquid.
OR
• The lowest temperature at which a burnable
substance gives off sufficient flammable vapour
which when mixed w/ oxygen in the proper
proportion will burn temporarily when a spark or
flame is applied.
EXAMPLE OF FLASH POINT
LIQUID FLASH POINT IN deg C.

• Ether • Below – 40
• Gasoline • Below – 30
• Petroleum • + 35 / + 55
• White Spirit • + 40
• Diesel • Above + 60
• Lube oil • Above + 100
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
A hydrocarbon gas mixture and air cannot be ignited and
burned unless its composition lies
Within a range of gas-in-air concentration known as the
“flammable range “
The lower limit of this range is called “LEL” ( Lower

Explosive Limit). The “LFL” ( Lower Flammable Limit) is
also used. This level means that hydro carbon
concentration has an insufficient amount of hydrocarbon
gas to support and propagate combustion. The mixture is
to “ Lean”.
The upper limit of the range is known as the UEL ( Upper
explosive Limit) also known as “UFL” ( Upper
Flammable Limit). This level means that the hydro
carbon concentration is insufficient amount of air to
support and propagate combustion. The mixture is ( too “
RICH”)
Between these two areas , the mixture is flammable and

results in a fire or explosion when ignited.
Combustion Intensity
LEL Flammable area UEL

%
0 2 11
10
Volume percentage of gas in air
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
When a fire occurs , heat is transported to all

neighbouring areas, and sets fire to combustible
materials. The heat spread upwards in seconds,
sideways in minutes and downwards in hour.
SECONDS
MINUTES
HOUR
TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
RADIATION = Transmission of heat in all

directions from a source- even through
space, such as the transmission of
heat from the sun
CONDUCTION
Transmission of heat from one

substance to another by direct
contact from molecule to molecule.
CONVECTION
Transmission of heat through contact

with molecules of hot gases. When
molecules of gases become heated,
these molecules move upward and
transmits the heat to any other molecule
or surface it comes in contact with.
MODULE 1V
OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the session, the participants will be
able to;
1. Explain the extinguishing agents normally

used,
2. Explain the internationally used fire classes
3. Understand the suitability of the various

extinguishing agents for the fire classes.
CLASSES OF FIRE
1. CLASS “A” – Fire that involves ordinary solid materials
rags wood paper

CLASS “A” FIRE CHARACTERISTICS
1. Deep- seated
2. Penetrates throughout
3. Normally of organic in nature
4. Leaves ashes or residue

CLASS “ B” FIRE
= Fire that occurs with vapours or burns over the
surface of a flammable liquid or liquefiable
solids.
Paints Fuel Oil Cooking oil

CLASS “ C “ FIRE
= Fires involving Liquefied Gases
LPG LNG
CLASS “ D” FIRE
= Fire involving combustible metals
CLASS “ E” FIRE
= Class E fire is an electrical fire
The essential action in the event of electrical fire is to cut off electrical
supply. To avoid the spread of fire it will be frequently necessary to
fight an electrical fire before the electric supply has been cut off.
Electrical fire
EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
WATER
Water is normally the most
suitable extinguisher to fight
Class A fire.
Water extinguished the fire by
cooling it below the ignition
point. It removes the heat side
of the fire triangle. It also easily
available in a large quantities
CO2
CO2 Extinguishes the fire mainly
by cutting off oxygen supply.
CO2 does not conduct electricity
and is the most suitable medium
for extinguishing electrical fires
and operates on the principle of
smothering the fire by displacing
the oxygen.
Available through a fixed
installation system or in portable
extinguisher.
FOAM EXTINGUISHER
Foam extinguishes the fire
mainly by cutting off the oxygen
supply.
Foam is available through

hoses and nozzles , portable
extinguishes and fixed foam
guns.
DRY POWDER
Powder breaks the chain
reactions in the fire
triangle.
Dry powder is useful in
dealing with liquid spill
fires, but there is no
cooling effect.
Powder is suitable for
electrical fire as well.
HALON 1301 IS PROHIBITED (JANUARY 1994)
AND NOT ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
Good agent in
confined and enclosed
space
Halon 1301
MODULE 5
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this session the participants will be able to:
1. Understand the fire fighting organization.
2. Knowledge on how to response if detecting a fire,
3. Explain on how to respond once hear an alarm,
Each member has a special duty during emergencies. On the
emergency plan you will find information about your office
organization during fire.
PKIMT FIRE FIGHTING ORGANIZATION
COMPANY PRESIDENT
FIREFIGHTING
FIRST AID
SQUAD
COMPANY PRESIDENT = Overall in charge on scene and on
direct communication to the
authorities
FIRE FIGHTING TEAM = in charge for combatting a fire
FIRST AID TEAM = In charge for medical kit

THE NEED FOR CONSTANT VIGILANCE
Constant vigilance or watchfullness is

important, all personnel should be aware of
the risk of fire , proper behaviour and
individuals responsibility.
Even though the office are constructed as safe

as possible there is still the risk that accidents
may occur. This is because the company are
using electronic equipment , air conditioning
unit , etc that may begin to create a fire.
BEHAVIOUR / ATTITUDE
It is essential that all personnel and staff have the right
attitude towards the prevention of fire. The company
should therefor ensure that safety awareness is an
important factor in their quality management.
All staff and personnel should be;
a. Be aware and report of some irregularities
b. Follow instructions, orders and company
regulations
c. Have a good understanding of contingency plan
d. Keep the work place clear and tidy.
FOR INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBILITY
It is therefore of vital importance that you know your duties

when accident occur and that you show safety
consciousness.
SAFETY IS AMONG OTHER FACTORS
1. Well planned work operations,

2. Trained co-workers
3. Training and drill
4. Good working environment
5. Good working methods and procedures
6. Correct use of tools
WHAT SHALL YOU DO IF YOU DETECT A FIRE
F - FIND
I - INVESTIGATE
R - REPORT
E - EXTINGUISH
MODULE V1
TIME FRAME = 20 MIN
OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the session the participants will be able to:
1. Knowledge on how to identify emergency exit
2. Understand Fire and Smoke detection device.

EMERGENCY EXIT SIGN
It is important that all personnel become familiar with the

escape ways and exit emergencies
Emergency exit should be properly marked in such a way

that everybody regardless of race and nationality
understand the marking and symbols.
FIRE ,HEAT AND SMOKE DETECTION
The detection system will detect when there is development of
heat, smoke or flames and alarm the office perimeter.
FIRE ALARM SMOKE DETECTOR HEAT DETECTOR

QUESTION/ COMMENTS / SUGGESTION
Thank you for your kind attention

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BASIC FIRE FIGHTING

Mr. Damaso Ronillo A. Villanueva

- Understand on how to fight and extinguish fire.

• The company employee and workers must familiarize

At the end of the topic; the trainee will be able to,

1. Become familiar with the components of fire

2. Understand on how to break the chain reactions

• Break the Chain Reaction

At the end of the session , the trainee will be able to;

1. Knowledge to define ignition points, flash points and ( Fire

• The temperature at which the product will give sufficient

Physical Condition Materials Temp. in Deg.

GAS Methane 595

LIQUID FLASH POINT IN deg C.

The lower limit of this range is called “LEL” ( Lower

Between these two areas , the mixture is flammable and

LEL Flammable area UEL

When a fire occurs , heat is transported to all

RADIATION = Transmission of heat in all

Transmission of heat from one

Transmission of heat through contact

1. Explain the extinguishing agents normally

2. Explain the internationally used fire classes

3. Understand the suitability of the various

rags wood paper

3. Normally of organic in nature

4. Leaves ashes or residue

Paints Fuel Oil Cooking oil

Foam is available through

PKIMT FIRE FIGHTING ORGANIZATION

FIRE FIGHTING TEAM = in charge for combatting a fire

FIRST AID TEAM = In charge for medical kit

Constant vigilance or watchfullness is

Even though the office are constructed as safe

It is therefore of vital importance that you know your duties

1. Well planned work operations,

At the end of the session the participants will be able to:

1. Knowledge on how to identify emergency exit

2. Understand Fire and Smoke detection device.

It is important that all personnel become familiar with the

Emergency exit should be properly marked in such a way

FIRE ALARM SMOKE DETECTOR HEAT DETECTOR

Thank you for your kind attention

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