Ultra Conductors

INTRODUCTION
Ultraconductors are Room temperature superconductors.

They are widely considered for large power applications
used by industrial end- users and electric utilities.
The prominent application areas include power
transmission cables, electric motors, generators, current
limiters and transformers.
 The promising design concepts relay on ultraconductors
to a flexible composite conductor, robust enough to handle
an industrial environment.
 Ultraconductors are the electrical conductors which have
certain properties similar to present day superconductors.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
 Superconductivity is the phenomenon in which

a material losses all its electrical resistance and
allowing electric current to flow without
dissipation or loss of energy.
The atoms in materials vibrate due to thermal
energy contained in the materials: the higher the
temperature, the more the atoms vibrate.
TECHNICAL INTRODUCTION
 Ultraconductors are patented1 polymers being
developed for commercial applications by Room
Temperature Superconductors Inc (ROOTS).
 The materials exhibit a characteristic set of properties
including conductivity and current carrying capacity
equivalent to superconductors, but without the need
for cryogenic support.
PROPERTIES OF ULTRACONDUCTORS
 Ultraconductors are the electrical conductors which
have certain properties similar to present day
superconductors.
They are best considered as a novel state of matter.
They are made by the sequential processing of
amorphous polar dielectric elastomers.
 They exhibit a set of anomalous magnetic and
electric properties including very high electrical
conductivity and current densities over a wide
temperature range.
MATERIALS
 The chemically distinct polymers used to

Ultraconductors to datecreate includeolefin,
urethane and silicone based plastics.
acrylate,
Based on experiment and theory, the total list of
candidate polymers suited to the process is believed to
number in the hundreds.
 A successful candidate polymer must be polar
without significant crystalline or glass phase at the
time of processing.
CHARACTERIZATION
 Characterization of the conducting channels in films
was begun in 1983. To date measurements have
focused on macroscopic features, specifically,
measurements of the magnetic, electric, thermal,
chemical, and morphologic nature of the channels.
 Magnetic Characterization
 The processing treatment initiates characteristic changes in the
magnetic state of the polymer, as measured in a sensitive Faraday
magnetic balance. The most typical feature is a growing ferromagnetism
which precedes the appearance of electrical conductivity.
Electric Characterization
 3.2.1 Conductivity
 The channels were early found to be electrically conductive, for ac and dc
currents, at voltages as low as 0.1 mV. In addition, AFM electric field scans
(using non-contact mode) indicate pronounced field gradients localized to
the conducting channels.
Resistance
 Electric resistance of the channels has also been measured under
various experimental configurations.
Thermal
 Measurements also clearly indicate that the conductivity is not metallic:
the thermal conductivity of the conducting channels is found to be
equivalent to the surrounding dielectric polymer (indicating that the
charge carriers in the conducting channels are poor thermal
conductors).

Thermopower
 Conducting samples were also tested to determine
the channels, and as compared
Seebeck coefficient ofthe
copper. Over the temperature
to range 87 - 233 K, a zero Seebeck
coefficient for the channels was observed, with a slope
approximately one order of magnitude lower than for the
metal.
 Chemical and Morphologic Characterization
 When conductive Ultraconductor samples (post processing)
are tested and compared against samples of the unprocessed
base polymer for contaminants, chemical composition, and
metal inclusions, they are found to be identical in all respects
to the base material.
PROCESSING OF ULTRACONDUCTORS FROM
DIELECTRIC POLYMERS
Candidate Polymers
Polymers which successfully respond to the
Ultraconductor process must meet certain physical
criteria. Specific chemical formula is not important,
provided those criteria are met.
Polymers With Very Low Crystalline or
Glass Phase
Polymers with Polar Groups
Process Steps
Oxidation
Ionization
MODEL OF PROCESS-INDUCED
ULTRACONDUCTOR FORMATION
The known preconditions and process strongly suggest

that the mechanism for Ultraconductor formation
involves a self-organization of charge and molecular
lattice.
A model for this system has been qualitatively and
quantitatively described, and subsequently a quantum
mechanical theory of the phenomenon has been
published. This novel self-organization has no
equivalence in solid state materials.
Charge
Charge and Lattice Self-organizationSeparation
APPLICATIONS
Magnetic-levitation is an application where

superconductors perform extremely well.
Transport vehicles such as trains can be made to "float" on
strong superconducting magnets, virtually eliminating
friction between the train and its tracks.
Not only would conventional electromagnets waste much
of the electrical energy as heat, they would have to be
physically much larger than superconducting magnets.
A landmark for the commercial use of MAGLEV technology
occurred in 1990 when it gained the status of a nationally-
funded project in Japan.
The most ignominious military use of
superconductors may come with the deployment of
"E-bombs".
Superconducting x-ray detectors and ultra-fast,
superconducting light detectors are being developed
due to their inherent ability to detect extremely weak
amounts of energy.
Ultraconductors have also found widespread
applications in the military. HTSC SQUIDS are being
used by the US NAVY to detect mines and submarines.
 The National Science Foundation, along with
NASA and DARPA and various universities,
arecurrently
researching "petaflop" computers. A petaflop is a
thousand-trillion floating point operations per
second.
Hyper superconducting microchip

Incorporating 6000 Josephson Junctions.
CONCLUSIO
 N are the result of more than sixteen years
Ultraconductors
of scientific research, independent laboratory testing and
eight years of engineering development.
 From an engineering perspective, ultraconductors are a
fundamentally new and enabling technology.
These materials are claimed to conduct electricity at least
1,00,000 times better than gold, silver or copper. The base
polymers used are certain viscous polar elastomers,
obtained by polymerization in the laboratory or as
purchased from industrial suppliers.
 Seven chemically distinct polymers have been
demonstrated to date.
REFERENCES
 “Industrial High Temperature Superconductors”:

IEEE Transactions on Applied
Superconductivity,March 2002,Vol:12,Page No:1145-1150.
http:// www.ultraconductors . com/primer.html
http://ultraconductor.wikiverse.org/
http://superconductors.org/ultra.htm

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INTRODUCTION

Ultraconductors are Room temperature superconductors.

 Superconductivity is the phenomenon in which

 The chemically distinct polymers used to

The known preconditions and process strongly suggest

Magnetic-levitation is an application where

Hyper superconducting microchip

 “Industrial High Temperature Superconductors”:

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