Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 15 views

    Whyv 64 P 2 P

    Uploaded by

    22kakashi
    Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications like Napster rely on direct connections between users, but the rise of network address translation (NAT) threatens this design. With NAT, each user appears to share a single public IP address, preventing direct peer connections. IPv6 solves this by providing a huge number of globally routable addresses, re-enabling true end-to-end connectivity and P2P applications. Microsoft is developing IPv6 support starting with developers in 2001 and deployment in 2002, allowing P2P to continue evolving on the future Internet.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Whyv 64 P 2 P

    Uploaded by

    22kakashi
    15 views17 pages
    Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications like Napster rely on direct connections between users, but the rise of network address translation (NAT) threatens this design. With NAT, each user appears to share a single public IP address, preventing direct peer connections. IPv6 solves this by providing a huge number of globally routable addresses, re-enabling true end-to-end connectivity and P2P applications. Microsoft is developing IPv6 support starting with developers in 2001 and deployment in 2002, allowing P2P to continue evolving on the future Internet.

    Original Title

    whyv64p2p

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications like Napster rely on direct connections between users, but the rise of network address translation (NAT) threatens this design. With NAT, each user appears to share a single public IP address, preventing direct peer connections. IPv6 solves this by providing a huge number of globally routable addresses, re-enabling true end-to-end connectivity and P2P applications. Microsoft is developing IPv6 support starting with developers in 2001 and deployment in 2002, allowing P2P to continue evolving on the future Internet.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    15 views17 pages

    Whyv 64 P 2 P

    Uploaded by

    22kakashi
    Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications like Napster rely on direct connections between users, but the rise of network address translation (NAT) threatens this design. With NAT, each user appears to share a single public IP address, preventing direct peer connections. IPv6 solves this by providing a huge number of globally routable addresses, re-enabling true end-to-end connectivity and P2P applications. Microsoft is developing IPv6 support starting with developers in 2001 and deployment in 2002, allowing P2P to continue evolving on the future Internet.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Peer-to-Peer and IPv6

    Christian Huitema
    Architect, Windows Networking
    Microsoft Corporation
    The Internet: a great tool to
    promote mainframes?
    Hubert Curien, French Minister of
    Research, 1993:
    Having a TCP-IP research network is
    great. Instead of funding a computer
    center in each university, we will only
    need a single large one in Paris.

    This is not exactly the Internet we had


    in mind back then…
    Enter NAPSTER, and peer-
    to-peer file sharing
     Export the files in an appropriate folder
     Announce the file in the central server
     Search for interesting target
     Retrieve the file in a peer-to-peer manner

    1 export 4 download
    Folder

    Client 2 announce Client


    NAPSTER
    3 search
    Peer-to-peer is the basic
    design of the Internet
    Recommended reading:
    End-to-End Arguments in System
    Design.
    Jerome H. Saltzer, David P. Reed,
    and David D. Clark.
    But this seems to have
    been lost in the web…
    End-to-end vs. Optimization
     Short term problem
     Connect many computers,
     IP address are expensive
     Short term optimization
     Use a NAT box,
     Hide many computers behind one
    address
     Works well for web clients…

    Today’s optimizations are


    tomorrow’s roadblocks !
    Making NAPSTER work:
    global addresses
    Server

    Alice Bob Carroll


    Making NAPSTER work with
    some firewalls and NAT.
    Server

    Alice Bob Carroll


    In a world of NAT,
    NAPSTER cannot work!
    Server

    Alice Bob Carroll


    Short term: hack the NAT…
     Most NATs support some configuration
    procedure: “DMZ”, “service host”
     We can automate this through UPnP
     Discover the NAT
     Reserve “port=xxxx” to “host=x.y.z.t”
     Consequence for applications:
     Use “parameterized” port
     Read “port on this system” from a
    configuration file
     Use “global address” in exchanges with
    peers.
    In the medium term, we
    cannot program all NATs

    PC ?
    API NAT NAT Internet

    home
    ISP

    By 2002, we will see ISP using layers of NAT.


    In fact, they do that in China now…
    We need IPv6 before that!
    Address Shortage is Real!
    10000

    1000

    100

    10

    1
    F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F-
    96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 00 00 01 01 02 02 03 03 04 04 05 05 06 06 07 07 08 08 09

    Extrapolating the number of DNS registered addresses shows


    total exhaustion in 2009. But in practice, the “H-ratio” of
    log10(addresses)/bits reaches 0.26 in 2002.
    2002: the end of P2P?
    10000

    1000

    100

    10

    1
    F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F- A- F-
    96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 00 00 01 01 02 02 03 03 04 04 05 05 06 06 07 07 08 08 09

    As addresses get scarce, ISP can’t get enough allocation,


    more and more NATs get deployed, and peer-to-peer
    applications start to break!
    We need IPv6, to change
    the Internet
     Addresses are the key
     Scarcity: the user is a “client”
     Plethora: the user is a “peer”

     IPv6 provide enough addressing


     64+64 format: 1.8E+19 networks, units
     assuming IPv4 efficiency: 1E+16
    networks, 1 million networks per human
     2 networks per sqft of Earth (20 per m2)

     This enables peer-to-peer!


    We can deploy IPv6 !
     Applications update?
    PC-1
     Use IPv6 for the new
    ICS applications
    Single  Stack upgrade?
    PC-2 v4 IP  Available in W2K, Whistler
    (developers)
     ISP waiting for Cisco?
     “6to4” allows automatic
    PC-3 Advertise v6 deployment over v4
    prefix  Supported by ICS
    (Whistler)
    PC-4  Natural evolution of NAT.
    When can we get IPv6?
    Tech. Preview (W2K)

    Developers (Whistler)

    Deployment

    2000 2001 2002


    More Information on IPv6
     Microsoft IPv6 white paper
     http://www.microsoft.com/technet/netw
    ork/ipvers6.asp
     http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000
    /library/howitworks/communications/net
    workbasics/IPv6.asp
     Microsoft IPv6 Tech Preview News
     http://www.microsoft.com/PressPass/pr
    ess/2000/Mar00/IPv6PR.asp
     Microsoft IPv6 Tech Preview Kit
     http://msdn.microsoft.com/downloads/s
    dks/platform/tpipv6.asp

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy