T5 - Fluid Mechanics - CH3

Fluid Mechanics
(Lecture) / Topic 5
Prepared by:
Anjo M. Ramirez, ME, RMP
FEU – Faculty ME Department
MEFLUMECH-T4
OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lecture, the students will be able to:
• Calculate the forces exerted by a fluid at rest on plane or curved submerged surfaces
• Analyze the rigid-body motion of fluids in containers during linear acceleration or rotation
MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS

INTRODUCTION TO FLUID STATICS On a plane surface, the hydrostatic forces
form a system of parallel forces, and we often
Fluid statics deals with problems associated need to determine the magnitude of the force
with fluids at rest. and its point of application, which is called the
center of pressure.
HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON
SUBMERGED PLANE SURFACES
When analyzing hydrostatic forces

on submerged surfaces, the
atmospheric pressure can be
subtracted for simplicity when it acts
on both sides of the structure.

HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON
SUBMERGED PLANE SURFACES
Hydrostatic force on an inclined plane surface completely submerged in a liquid.

HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON SUBMERGED PLANE SURFACES
The centroid and the centroidal moments of inertia for some common geometries. MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS
The hydrostatic forces acting

on a plane surface form a
volume whose base (left face)
is the surface and whose
height is the pressure.
Hydrostatic force acting on the top surface of a submerged rectangular plate
for tilted, vertical, and horizontal cases.
Hydrostatic Force Acting on the Door of a Submerged Car
A heavy car plunges into a lake during an accident and

lands at the bottom of the lake on its wheels (Figure). The
door is 1.2 m high and 1 m wide, and the top edge of the
door is 8 m below the free surface of the water.
Determine the hydrostatic force on the door and the

location of the pressure center, and discuss if the driver can
open the door.

Hydrostatic Force Acting on the Door of a Submerged Car
A long solid cylinder of radius 0.8 m hinged at point A is

used as an automatic gate, as shown in Figure. When the
water level reaches 5 m, the gate opens by turning about
the hinge at point A. Determine
(a) the hydrostatic force acting on the cylinder and its line
of action when the gate opens and
(b) the weight of the cylinder per m length of the cylinder.

BUOYANCY AND STABILITY
The buoyant force acting on a body immersed in a fluid is equal
to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body, and it acts
upward through the centroid of the displaced volume.
A flat plate of uniform thickness h

submerged in a liquid parallel to the
free surface.

Measuring Specific Gravity by a Hydrometer
If you have a seawater aquarium, you have probably

used a small cylindrical glass tube with some lead-
weight at its bottom to measure the salinity of the
water by simply watching how deep the tube sinks.
Such a device that floats in a vertical position and is
used to measure the specific gravity of a liquid
is called a hydrometer (Figure). The top part of the
hydrometer extends above the liquid surface, and the
divisions on it allow one to read the specific gravity
A solid body dropped into a fluid directly. The hydrometer is calibrated such that in pure
will sink, float, or remain at rest water it reads exactly 1.0 at the air–water interface.
at any point in the fluid, (a) Obtain a relation for the specific gravity of a liquid as
depending on its density a function of distance dz from the mark
relative to the density of the corresponding to pure water and
fluid. (b) determine the mass of lead that must be poured
into a 1-cm-diameter, 20-cm-long hydrometer if it is
to float halfway (the 10-cm mark) in pure water.
Weight Loss of an Object in Seawater
A crane is used to lower weights into the sea (density = 1025
kg/m^3) for an underwater construction project (Figure).
Determine the tension in the rope of the crane due to a
rectangular 0.4-m x 0.4-m x 3-m concrete block (density = 2300
kg/m^3) when it is
(a) suspended in the air and
(b) Completely immersed in water.

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Fluid Mechanics

MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS

When analyzing hydrostatic forces

MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS

Hydrostatic force on an inclined plane surface completely submerged in a liquid.

MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS

The hydrostatic forces acting

A heavy car plunges into a lake during an accident and

Determine the hydrostatic force on the door and the

MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS

A long solid cylinder of radius 0.8 m hinged at point A is

MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS

A flat plate of uniform thickness h

MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS

If you have a seawater aquarium, you have probably

MEFLUMECH – FLUID STATICS

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