Affordable Group Housing Project

Architectural Design 4th year
Affordable Group Housing Project
GRIHA REPORT
(For affordable housing- vol. 1)
Submitted To: Ar. Priyanka Mehta, Ar. Ajay Pal

Submitted By: Aarooni Thakur
CONTENTS
SECTIONS:
1. SITE PLANNING
1.1 Low Impact Design
1.2 Design to mitigate UHIE
1.3 Preservation and Protection of Landscape during Construction
1.4 Storm Water Management
1.5 Reduction in Air and Soil Pollution during Construction
2. ENERGY AND OCCUPANT COMFORT

2.1 Envelope Thermal Performance
2.2 Occupant Visual Comfort
2.3 Efficient Lighting
2.4 Energy Efficient Equipment
2.5 Renewable Energy
2.6 Energy Metering Affordable Group Housing Project
3. WATER SAVINGS GRIHA REPORT

3.1 Efficient use of water during Construction
3.2 Optimization of Building and Landscape Water Demand
3.3 Water Reuse
3.4 Water Metering
4. WASTE MANAGEMENT
4.1 Construction Waste Management
4.2 Post Construction Waste Management
CONTENTS
5. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIAL

5.1 Reduction in environmental impact of construction
5.2 Use of low-environmental impact materials in building interiors
5.3 Use of recycled content in roads and pavements
5.4 Low VOC paints, adhesives, sealants and composite wood products
5.5 Zero ODP materials
6. SOCIAL ASPECTS
6.1 Facilities for Construction workers
6.2 Universal accessibility
6.3 Proximity to Transport and Basic Services
6.4 Environmental awareness
6.5 Tobacco Smoke Control
6.6 Water Quality
6.7 Provision of access to clean sources of cooking fuel
7. BONUS POINTS
GRIHA REPORT
8. GRIHA final score
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
SECTION 1
Architectural Design 4 year th
CRITERIA 1- LOW IMPACT DESIGN MAXIMUM POINTS: 6 POINTS ACHIEVED: 6
OBJECTIVE:
1. Demonstrate reduction in environmental impact through design by adoption of various passive design and low-
impact site planning strategies. -4 points
Point weightages for number of strategies adopted:
STRATEGIES ADOPTED:
1. BUILDING ORIENTATION:
• In tropical climate like India, long facades of buildings oriented towards north- south are preferred.
• Buildings should be oriented with their longer axis (north –south) aligned perpendicular to the prevailing winds to facilitate
maximum air-flow and cross ventilation through the building.
SECTION 1
STRATEGIES ADOPTED:
2. COUTRYARD PLANNING:
• Use courtyard designs with evaporative cooling from ponds, water features and ‘active’ (mechanical) evaporative cooling
systems. They are ideal for arid climates where low humidity promotes high evaporation rates.
• Minimise east and west-facing glazing or provide adjustable external shading. High mass living areas are more comfortable
during waking hours. Low mass sleeping areas cool quickly at night. High insulation prevents winter heat loss and summer
heat gain.
3. PROPER SITE SHADING:

• As a first step towards shading, longer sides of a building should be oriented North- South which is preferred to minimize
overall solar gain through the envelope.
• South-facing windows are the easiest to shade. Overhangs on south-oriented windows provide effective shading by blocking
summer sun and admitting winter sun.
• Use fixed horizontal overhangs on south-facing glass. 1m shading device can reduce cooling loads substantially.
• Semi-outdoor spaces such as balconies (2.5m – 3m deep) can provide shade and protect interior spaces from overheating and
climatic variations. At the same time they act as wind scoops and provide a private social space for the unit.
• To enhance natural light utilization, passive design strategies such as light shelves are very useful for deeper and uniform
distribution of light (most effective on the south side of the buildings, mostly recommended in mild climates and not for
tropical or desert climate).
SHADOW ANGLES
SECTION 1
STRATEGIES ADOPTED:
4. NATURAL VENTILATION:
• In hot and dry regions, the windows should generally be kept closed during the day to minimize solar heat gains to interior
spaces. For regions experiencing high diurnal temperature differences (of the order of 12°C to 15°C cooler in night), Interior
spaces should be opened to night time ventilation.
• For good natural ventilation, building openings should be in opposite pressure zone ( since natural ventilation rely on
pressure to move fresh air through buildings).
• The building can be oriented 0° to 30° with respect to the prevailing wind direction (wind rose diagram) / most preferably
orientating longer facades of the building towards predominant wind direction.
• Maximum air movement is achieved by keeping the sill height at 85% of the critical height.
OBJECTIVE:
1. Demonstrate use of active, low-energy cooling/heating systems in the building -2 points
SECTION 1
CRITERIA 2- DESIGN TO MITIGATE UHIE MAXIMUM POINTS: 3 POINTS ACHIEVED: 3
OBJECTIVE:
1. More than 50% of the site surfaces visible to sky (including building roofs but not the landscape area*) are either
soft paved/covered with high SRI coating (SRI > 0.5)/shaded by trees/shaded by vegetated pergolas/shaded by
solar panels or any combination of these strategies. -3 points
VEGETATED PERGOLAS
• 52% of the total site area is being covered with vegetated pergolas that are being connected by a drip irrigation
system along with solar plates of 330 w capacity.
SECTION 1
CRITERIA 3- PRESERVATION OF TOP SOIL AND Architectural Design 4 year th
LANDSCAPE MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
OBJECTIVE:
1. Preserve top soil during construction; maintain its fertility (during construction phase) and use for landscape post-
construction. -2 points
ASE- 3
PH
PHASE-2
PHASE-4
PHASE-1
• Planning the construction in different phase to get space for preserving the top soil.
• Schedule your building project for your area's driest season. Rain increases the amount of topsoil that can be carried
away as runoff and leads to soil compaction.
• Request that your contractors remove the top 6 inches of soil with a backhoe and place it in an area protected from
the construction area.
• Cover the reserved soil with a tarp for a short-term project.
• Sprinkle grass seed over the reserved soil for a project expected to last longer than a few weeks.
• Return the soil to your landscape with a shovel and wheelbarrow as soon as the construction project is complete, if
your contractor does not restore the soil.
• Install plants as soon as possible and top with mulch to prevent the soil from washing or blowing away.
SECTION 1
CRITERIA 4- STORM WATER MANAGEMENT MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
OBJECTIVE:
1. Ensure that the excess runoff generated above the pre-construction run off is managed within the site.
2. Ensure that 100% post construction storm water runoff quantity is managed within project premises.
CRITERIA 5- REDUCTION IN AIR AND SOIL

POLLUTION DURING CONSTRUCTION
MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
OBJECTIVE:
1. Develop and implement a spill prevention plan (to control effects of spill from hazardous materials like bitumen,
diesel etc.) on site
2. Adopt staging during construction on site, and strategies to prevent/reduce movement of soil (not top soil) outside
the site through adoption of various strategies (like soil erosion channels, sedimentation control etc.)
CONSTRUCTION SITE MAP

SECTION 1
CRITERIA 4 and 5 MAXIMUM POINTS: 4 POINTS ACHIEVED: 4
1. DETENTION BASINS:
Detention ponds temporarily store stormwater runoff, thereby reducing the peak rate of
runoff to a stream or storm sewer. They help to prevent localized flooding and, if
designed to do so, provide some water quality benefits and reduce streambank erosion
downstream.
2. PERVIOUS PAVEMENT:
Pervious pavement is designed to allow percolation or infiltration of stormwater
through the surface into the soil below where the water is naturally filtered and
pollutants are removed. In contrast normal pavement is an impervious surface
that sheds rainfall and associated surface pollutants forcing the water to run off
paved surfaces directly into nearby storm drains and then into streams and lakes.
3. STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE WITH WASH RACK:

A stabilized layer of aggregate, that is underlain with Geotextile Class SE3
and enhanced by the use of a wash rack. Stabilized entrances are located at
any point where traffic enters or leaves a construction site. It reduces
tracking of sediment onto streets or public rights-of-way and provide a
stable area for entrance or exit from the construction site.
4. SILT FENCE
The purpose of a silt fence is to retain the soil on disturbed land. such as a
construction site, until the activities disturbing the land are sufficiently
completed to allow revegetation and permanent soil stabilization
to begin. And not letting soil wash off onto roads, which readily transport it to
storm sewers, avoids having sewers clogged with sediment.
5. STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION

Construction sites often drain toward the inlets, pipes, and ditches that comprise the
stormwater drainage system. Inlet protection devices can help protect these surface
and subsurface systems from high levels of sediment in runoff. Inlet protection in
areas with only surface drainage ditches are usually protected by stabilization
practices, perimeter controls, and sediment traps
SECTION 2
ENERGY AND OCCUPANT
COMFORT

Criterion no. Criterion Name Maximum Points Points Achieved
GRIHA REPORT
Criterion 6 Envelope Thermal Performance 08 --
Criterion 7 Occupant Visual Comfort 05 --
Criterion 8 Efficient Lighting 02 02
Criterion 9 Energy Efficient Equipment 02 02
Criterion 10 Renewable Energy 06 06
Criterion 11 Energy Metering 02 02
TOTAL 25
SECTION 2
CRITERIA 8- EFFICIENT LIGHTING MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
OBJECTIVE:
1. All lighting fixtures installed in outdoor spaces and indoor common areas shall have a minimum luminous efficacy
of 75 lumen/watt.
INDOOR LIGHTING FIXTURES LUMEN/WATT CONSUMPTION
OUTDOOR LIGHTING FIXTURES STANDARD

SECTION 2
CRITERIA 9- ENERGY EFFICIENT MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
EQUIPMENT
OBJECTIVE:
1. All the following equipment falling under the scope of the developer must be at least BEE 3-star rated/labelled:
• Motors
• Transformer(s)
PROVISION:
ALL MOTORS AND TRANSFORMERS ARE BEE 4 STAR RATED.
Distribution Transformer- 4 star labelled:
Induction motor:
SECTION 2
CRITERIA 10- RENEWABLE ENERGY MAXIMUM POINTS: 6 POINTS ACHIEVED: 6
OBJECTIVE:
1. Rated capacity of the renewable energy system (Solar PV/Solar hot water** system/ Biomass/Geothermal
/Wind turbine) installed on site conforms to installation @1kWp per 500 sq.m of total built-up area thresholds as
established in the table below:
SOLAR PANEL SITE MAP:

SECTION 2
CRITERIA 10- RENEWABLE ENERGY MAXIMUM POINTS: 6 POINTS ACHIEVED: 6
SOLAR CALCULATIONS:
Size of one panel:

SPECIFICATIONS:
Length: 65”
Width: 39”
Wattage: 330 WP (0.33 KWP)
Panel Type: PolyCrystalline
Requirement: 1KWP per 500 sq.m.

Total requirement: 51303.12/500 = 102.6 KWP
Provided:
Total solar panels installed: 1072
Total Wattage: 1072x0.33 = 353.76 KWP
Installation Checklist:
• Solar panels need to face true south
direction for maximum power
generation. The reason behind it is
that when sun moves from east to
west, you get maximum exposure
when you face southwards.
Irrespective of which part of year it
is, inclination will always be towards
south.
• Solar panels need to face true south direction for maximum power generation. The reason behind it is that when sun
moves from east to west, you get maximum exposure when you face southwards. Irrespective of which part of year
it is, inclination will always be towards south.
• In general, the angle of tilt will lie between 9 to 12 degrees in southern part of India and 25 to 30 in north India. The
angle decreases as the altitude of installation increases to nullify the impact of high speed winds on the installation.
• India is a country where dust tends to accumulate very quickly on the panels hampering optimum generation. Solar
Panels have to be cleaned at least once every week, would be even better if you can manage to do it daily.
SECTION 2
CRITERIA 11- ENERGY METERING MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
Objective:
1. Install dedicated energy meters, each for outdoor spaces and indoor common area lighting.
Provision:
Installation of a 3 phase energy meter
For indoor and outdoor spaces
Objective:
2. Install energy meter on renewable energy system to measure the energy generated (if installed*).
Provision:
SECTION 3
WATER SAVINGS
GRIHA REPORT
Criterion 12 Efficient use of water during construction 02 --
Optimization of building and landscape

Criterion 13 water 09 --
demand
Criterion 14 Water reuse 07 02
Criterion 9 Water metering 01 02
TOTAL 19
SECTION 3
CRITERIA 12- EFFICIENT USE OF WATER DURINGArchitectural Design 4 year
th
CONSTRUCTION MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
Objective:
1. Adopt strategies (at least 2 from the list below) to reduce the consumption of potable water during construction:
• Use of gunny bags/hessian cloth and ponding technique for curing.
• Use of additives to reduce water requirements during curing.
• Monitoring for leaks and water wastage.
Superplasticizer:
also known as plasticizers or high-range water reducers (HRWR),
reduce water content by 12 to 30 percent and can be added to
concrete with a low-to-normal slump and water-cement ratio to
make high-slump flowing concrete.
2. Use of treated waste water/captured rain water in construction activities.

SECTION 3
CRITERIA 13- OPTIMIZATION OF BUILDING & Architectural Design 4 year th
LANDSCAPE WATER DEMAND MAXIMUM POINTS: 9 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
Objective:
1. Reduce the total water requirement in the building by the following thresholds over the base case.
-5 points
Flow rates:
BASE CASE: DESIGN CASE:
Base Case Values (Flow

Fixture
Rates – Lpf)
WC (solids) 9
WC (liquids) 9
Kitchen Faucets 10
Lavatory Faucets 10
Showers 10
Urinals 4
SECTION 3
Number of Uses:
Residential
Commercial/Daytime
Fixture Residential/Hostel Academic/Hospitals/Hotels/Airp
Academic
orts
WC (solids) 1 0.1 1
WC (liquids) 5 3 (female only) 5
Kitchen Faucets 3 0.5 3
Lavatory Faucets 3 0.75 3
Showers 5 NA 5
Urinals NA 3 (male only) 0
WATER CONSUMPTION FOR BASE CASE (Population- 7776)

FIXTURES FLOW RATES (lpf/lpm) NO. OF USES WATER CONSUMPTION
Water Closet 9 1 69,984
Kitchen Faucets 10 3 2,33,280
Water Closets (liquid) 9 5 3,49,920
Urinals/Waterless urinals 4 5 1,55,520
Showers 10 1 77,760
Lavatory Faucets 10 3 2,33,280
DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION (LITRES) 11,19,744
ANNUAL WATER CONSUMPTION 40,87,06,560
WATER CONSUMPTION FOR DESIGN CASE (Population- 7776)
FIXTURES FLOW RATES (lpf/lpm) NO. OF USES WATER CONSUMPTION
Water Closet (solids) 4 1 31,104
Kitchen Faucets 7 3 1,63,296
Water Closets (liquid) 2 5 77,760
Urinals/Waterless urinals 0.75 5 29,160
Showers 7.5 1 58,320
Lavatory Faucets 6 3 1,39,968
DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION (LITRES) 499608
ANNUAL WATER CONSUMPTION 18,23,56,920

SECTION 3
Water Reduction Calculation:
Annual water demand of base case= 40,87,06,560 Liters

Annual water demand of Design case= 18,23,56,920 Liters
Water Use Reduction= 40,87,06,560 – 18,23,56,920/ 40,87,06,560 X 100

= 55.38 %
2. Reduce the total landscape water requirement by the following thresholds over the base case. – 4 points
SECTION 3
CRITERIA 14- WATER REUSE MAXIMUM POINTS: 7 POINTS ACHIEVED: 7
Objective:
1. Sewage treatment plant (STP) should be provided to treat 100% of the sewage water (grey water and black water
combined)1 generated on site. -2 points achieved
2. Re-use of treated water (from STP) and rainwater (from storage tanks) to meet the water requirement of the project
as per the thresholds mentioned below.
SECTION 3
CRITERIA 15- WATER METERING MAXIMUM POINTS: 1 POINTS ACHIEVED: 1
Objective:
1. Installation of sub water meters at each dwelling unit within the project site.
PROVISION:
Transmitters and reading equipment will be installed together with the meters to accomplish the accurate monitoring
and billing of the tenants’ water consumption. The contractor will access each of the apartment or condominium units
for the installation. When the project is completed, a sub-metering company chosen by the property owner will then
take care of the reading, creation and distribution of bills as well as the collection of payments from tenants.
SECTION 4
WASTE MANAGEMENT
GRIHA REPORT
Criterion 16 Construction Waste Management 01 --
Criterion 17 Post- Construction Waste Management 06 --
TOTAL 07
SECTION 4
Objective:
1. Develop and implement a construction waste management plan in compliance with the norms laid under
Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016.
SECTION 4
Objective:
1. Adopt solid waste management plan in compliance with norms elaborated under Solid Waste Management
Rules, 2016.
AND
2. Provide infrastructure for primary collection (door to door/chute system) & segregation (multi-colored bins) of
solid waste.
AND
3. Provide designated secondary waste management areas within the project site for safe and hygienic storage of
collected solid waste
PROVISION:
Primary collection (door to door/chute system) & segregation (multi-colored bins) of solid waste:
SECTION 4
Objective:
4. Provide contractual tie-ups with CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) authorized waste
recyclers for safe recycling of recyclable wastes like metal, paper, plastic, glass, etc. - 1 point
5. Provide infrastructure facilities for treating all the organic waste/biodegradable solid waste
on site and converting it to resources such as manure, bio gas etc. - 2 point
ORGANIC WASTE COMPOSTING MACHINE:

SECTION 5
WASTE MANAGEMENT

Criterion 18 GRIHA REPORT

Reduction in environmental impact of
construction
06 --

Use of low-environmental impact materials
Criterion 19 in building 05 --
interiors
Use of recycled content in roads and

Criterion 20 04 02
pavements
Low VOC paints, adhesives, sealants and

Criterion 21 composite wood 02 02
products
Criterion 22 Zero ODP Materials Mandatory --
TOTAL 17
SECTION 5
CRITERIA 18- REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL Architectural Design 4 year th
IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION MAXIMUM POINTS: 6 POINTS ACHIEVED: 6
Objective:
1. Utilization of more than 5% recycled content in structural
framework. - 5 point
PROVISION:
Use of agro-cement: The Agricultural wastes used as fine
aggregate in concrete are sugarcane bagasse ash, groundnut
shell, oyster shell, sawdust, giant reed ash, rice husk ash,
cork and tobacco waste. These are used as partial
replacement of fine aggregate which provide additional
pozzolanic property in concrete.
Objective:
1. Utilization of minimum 40% recycled content in infill panels. -
2 point
PROVISION:
Flexible Infill Panels:
1. Being made from recycled plastic waste, the joints material can be
fully recycled for the production of new artifacts, thus becoming a
product with close to zero CO2 emissions
2. The assembly process is fully reversible so that all the basic
elements: blocks, insulation, joints and strips can be reused
3. The dry assembly of the plastic joints significantly reduces
construction time, eliminating not only the time necessary for mixing
and curing of mortar, but also the very realization of laying surfaces
for the blocks
4. A weight reduction between 30 and 60 %, which implies less
transportation costs and less related emissions
5. High safety against horizontal forces, either due to earthquakes or
accidental impact
SECTION 5
CRITERIA 20- USE OF LOW-ENVIRONMENTAL Architectural Design 4 year th
IMPACT MATERIALS IN BUILDING INTERIORS MAXIMUM POINTS: 5 POINTS ACHIEVED: 5
Objective:
1. Demonstrate that at least 70% of all materials used for building interiors* meet the GRIHA requirement of low-
impact material. - 5 point
PROVISION:
1. For window Glazing: Low Emissivity Glass
Low-E Glass is coated with a virtually invisible layer of silver that
reflects radiant solar energy while permitting visible light to pass
through the glass. Low-E Glass can either have a low Solar Heat
Gain Coefficient (the best choice in climates dominated by cooling)
or a high SHGC ( the best choice in climates dominated by heating
or for south facing windows in climates with a mix of cooling and
heating requirements).
2. Flooring: Kota Stone

Kota Stone is a naturally available, fine-grained variety of limestone originated
from Kota, Rajasthan. Its alluring natural look, durability and low cost makes it
the most extensively used material in both the interiors and exteriors of houses
and commercial areas. Kota is well known for its shiny appearance and charming
colours, and ages beautifully over time. It is available in different shapes and
sizes and can easily blend with any home decor.
3. False Ceiling: Glass Wool insulating Panels:

• As cool air rises, it will easily escape through an uninsulated
ceiling. The same is true for both sound and fire.
• Insulated ceiling panels, tiles and grid suspension systems – as well
as our other forms of insulation products – can improve the thermal
comfort, acoustic performance and fire safety of entire rooms and
floors. For information on ceiling panels learn more about
ROCKFON – part of the ROCKWOOL Group.
• Buildings with internal insulation can deliver significant energy
savings and greater thermal performance, making multi-storey
developments comfortable for living and working
SECTION 5
CRITERIA 21- LOW VOC PAINTS, ADHESIVES, Architectural Design 4 year th
SEALANTS AND COMPOSITE WOOD PRODUCTS MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
Objective:
1. Ensure that all interior paints are low-VOC and lead-free (Appendix, Table 5A), all adhesives and sealants used
are low-VOC (Appendix, Table 6A, 7A) and such interior composite wood products are used which do not have
urea-formaldehyde as a bonding resin.- 2 point
SECTION 6
SOCIAL ASPECTS
Criterion 23 Facilities for construction workers 01 --

Criterion 24 Universal Accessibility 02 --
GRIHA REPORT
Criterion 25 (For affordable housing- vol.101)
Proximity of transport & basic services 02
Criterion 26 Environmental Awareness 02 02
Criterion 27 Tobacco Smoke Control Mandatory --
Criterion 28 Water Quality Mandatory
Provision of Access to Clean Sources of

Criterion 29 01
Cooking Fuel
TOTAL 17
SECTION 5
CRITERIA 23- FACILITIES FOR Architectural Design 4 year th
CONSTRUCTION MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
WORKERS
Objective:
1. Provide a crèche facility for children of
construction workers. - 1 point
PROVISION:
Most women laborer's brought their children to the
site, since there was nobody else to take care of
them. Many builders are today coming forward to
promote such childcare facilities at their
construction sites, citing benefits such as greater
productivity of the workers and safety of the
children.
CRITERIA 24- UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
Objective:
1. Compliance with Harmonised Guidelines and Space standards for Barrier Free Built Environment for Persons
with Disability and Elderly persons. - 2 point
SECTION 5
CRITERIA 25- PROXIMITY TO TRANSPORT Architectural Design 4 year th
AND BASIC SERVICES MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
Objective:
1. The walking distance of transportation facilities ((formal & informal)*) shall be less than 500 m from the main
entrance of the project. – 1 Point
• Formal – Bus stand, MRTS, ISBT, Railway stations;
• Informal – Auto stands, rickshaw stands, e-vehicle stands
2. The average distance of basic services from the main entrance of the project shall be lesser than the following
thresholds. -5 points
3. Provision of designated area within project boundary for setting up of informal market with the following
necessary infrastructure facilities. - 4 points
SECTION 5
CRITERIA 26- ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS MAXIMUM POINTS: 2 POINTS ACHIEVED: 2
Objective:
1. Adopt measures to create environmental awareness amongst the building occupants and visitors.
PROVISION:
The various methods which should be adopted to create awareness in the society about the environment are as:-
• Display Boards: We all use display boards. These display boards should be used as a newspaper on weekly basis
which should cover one environmental issue/incident in detail with causes and consequences.
• Mass Media: We could use mass media channels to disseminate awareness amongst people about various issues.
Below are given some websites which could be beneficial for creating environmental awareness.
• Gobar Times: It is one of the most well known magazines for schools in India. It comes as a supplement with
Down to Earth.
CRITERIA 29- PROVISION OF ACCESS TO

CLEAN SOURCES OF COOKING FUEL MAXIMUM POINTS: 1 POINTS ACHIEVED: 1
Objective:
1. To ensure provision of necessary infrastructure for safe access to clean sources of cooking fuel (PNG, LPG, etc.).
- 1 point

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Architectural Design 4th year