Module Management Control PPT FS

Controlling as a
Management Function
 Controlling
A process of monitoring
performance and taking action to
ensure desired results.
It sees to it that the right things
happen, in the right ways, and at
the right time.
1
Controlling as a
Management Function
 Controlling
Done well, it ensures that the
overall directions of individuals
and groups are consistent with
short and long range plans.
It helps ensure that objectives and
accomplishments are consistent
with one another throughout an
organization.
2
Controlling as a
Management Function
 Controlling
It helps maintain compliance with
essential organizational rules and
policies.
3
Nature, Features &
Objectives
4
The Control Process
 Establish objectives and

standards.
 Measure actual performance.
 Compare results with objectives
and standards.
 Take necessary action.
5
Establish Objectives and
Standards
 The control process begins with

planning and the establishment
of performance objectives.
 Performance objectives are
defined and the standards for
measuring them are set.
6
Establish Objectives and
Standards
 There are two types of standards:

Output Standards - measures
performance results in terms of
quantity, quality, cost, or time.
Input Standards - measures work
efforts that go into a performance
task.
7
Measuring Actual
Performance
 Measurements must be
accurate enough to spot
deviations or variances
between what really occurs and
what is most desired.
 Without measurement, effective
control is not possible.
8
Comparing Results with
Objectives and Standards
 The comparison of actual performance

with desired performance establishes
the need for action.
 Ways of making such comparisons
include:
Historical / Relative / Engineering
Benchmarking
9
Taking Corrective Action
 Taking any action necessary to

correct or improve things.
 Management-by-Exception focuses
managerial attention on substantial
differences between actual and
desired performance.
10
Taking Corrective Action
Management-by Exception can

save the managers time, energy,
and other resources, and
concentrates efforts on areas
showing the greatest need.
There are two types of exceptions:
• Problems - below standard
• Opportunities - above standard
11
Effective Controls
The Best Controls in Organizations

are
 Strategic and results oriented

 Understandable
 Encourage self-control
12
Effective Controls
The Best Controls in Organizations

are
 Timely and exception oriented

 Positive in nature
 Fair and objective
 Flexible
13
Types of Control
 Preliminary
Sometimes called the
feedforward controls, they are
accomplished before a work
activity begins.
They make sure that proper
directions are set and that the
right resources are available to
accomplish them.
14
Types of Control
 Concurrent
Focus on what happens during
the work process. Sometimes
called steering controls, they
monitor ongoing operations and
activities to make sure that
things are being done correctly.
15
Types of Control
 Postaction
Sometimes called feedback
controls, they take place after
an action is completed. They
focus on end results, as opposed
to inputs and activities.
16
Types of Controls
Managers have two broad

options with respect to control.
 They can rely on people to
exercise self-control (internal)
over their own behavior.
 Alternatively, managers can
take direct action (external) to
control the behavior of others.
17
Types of Control
 Internal Controls
Allows motivated individuals to
exercise self-control in fulfilling
job expectations.
The potential for self-control is
enhanced when capable people have
clear performance objectives and
proper resource support.
18
Types of Control
 External Controls
It occurs through personal supervision
and the use of formal administrative
systems.
Performance appraisal systems,
compensation and benefit systems,
employee discipline systems, and
management-by-objectives.
19
Organizational Control
Systems
 Management Processes
Strategy and objectives
Policies and procedures
Selection and training
Performance appraisal
Job design and work structures
Performance modeling, norms, and
organization culture
20
Systems
 Compensation and Benefits
Attract talented people and
retain them.
Motivate people to exert
maximum effort in their work.
 Recognize the value of their
performance contributions.
21
Systems
 Employee Discipline
Discipline is defined as influencing
behavior through reprimand.
 Discipline tries to involve people
more positively and directly in
making decisions to improve their
behavior.
22
Operations Management
and Control
 Project Management
Program Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT) - Identifies and
controls the many separate events in
complex projects.
23
Operations Management
and Control
 Statistical Quality Control

Based on the establishment of upper and
lower control limits, that can be graphically
and statistically monitored to ensure that
products meet standards.
24
Techniques and
Behavioral Aspects of
Management control –
Self study
25

Module Management Control PPT FS

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Module Management Control PPT FS

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Controlling as a

 Establish objectives and

 The control process begins with

 There are two types of standards:

 The comparison of actual performance

 Taking any action necessary to

Management-by Exception can

The Best Controls in Organizations

 Strategic and results oriented

The Best Controls in Organizations

 Timely and exception oriented

Managers have two broad

 Statistical Quality Control

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