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    Lab On A Chip: Or: The Incredible Shrinking Science Experiment! Or: Apoibe!

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    Shobha Saini
    This document describes microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology. It discusses how microfluidics allows for smaller sample volumes down to the picoliter range and faster analyses by taking advantage of novel physics at the microscale. Applications mentioned include genetic analysis for rapid pathogen detection, chemical synthesis, and metabolite analysis. The document provides examples of microfluidic chips for bacterial pathogen detection and PCR thermal cycling that are much faster than conventional methods. Portable microfluidic systems are presented as promising tools for infectious disease diagnosis in resource-limited settings.

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    Lab On A Chip: Or: The Incredible Shrinking Science Experiment! Or: Apoibe!

    Uploaded by

    Shobha Saini
    33 views15 pages
    This document describes microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology. It discusses how microfluidics allows for smaller sample volumes down to the picoliter range and faster analyses by taking advantage of novel physics at the microscale. Applications mentioned include genetic analysis for rapid pathogen detection, chemical synthesis, and metabolite analysis. The document provides examples of microfluidic chips for bacterial pathogen detection and PCR thermal cycling that are much faster than conventional methods. Portable microfluidic systems are presented as promising tools for infectious disease diagnosis in resource-limited settings.

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    This document describes microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology. It discusses how microfluidics allows for smaller sample volumes down to the picoliter range and faster analyses by taking advantage of novel physics at the microscale. Applications mentioned include genetic analysis for rapid pathogen detection, chemical synthesis, and metabolite analysis. The document provides examples of microfluidic chips for bacterial pathogen detection and PCR thermal cycling that are much faster than conventional methods. Portable microfluidic systems are presented as promising tools for infectious disease diagnosis in resource-limited settings.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views15 pages

    Lab On A Chip: Or: The Incredible Shrinking Science Experiment! Or: Apoibe!

    Uploaded by

    Shobha Saini
    This document describes microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology. It discusses how microfluidics allows for smaller sample volumes down to the picoliter range and faster analyses by taking advantage of novel physics at the microscale. Applications mentioned include genetic analysis for rapid pathogen detection, chemical synthesis, and metabolite analysis. The document provides examples of microfluidic chips for bacterial pathogen detection and PCR thermal cycling that are much faster than conventional methods. Portable microfluidic systems are presented as promising tools for infectious disease diagnosis in resource-limited settings.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Lab on a Chip

    Or: The Incredible Shrinking Science Experiment!


    Or: APOIBE!
    Dr. Eric Lagally
    lagally@msl.ubc.ca

    Credits: Mathies Lab, UC-Berkeley


    Quake Lab, Stanford
    Agilent, Inc.
    Lab on a Chip?
    Microfluidics
    Microfluidics: The use of microfabrication techniques
    from the IC industry to fabricate channels, chambers,
    reactors, and active components on the size scale of the
    width of a human hair or smaller

    Credit: Dr. Karen Cheung, UBC ECE


    Why use microfluidics?

    Credit: Dr. Karen Cheung, UBC ECE


    1 molecule in 1 µ L = 1.6 x 10-18 M
    1 molecule in 1 nL = 1.6 x 10-15 M
    1 molecule in 1 pL = 1.6 x 10-12 M
    Why use microfluidics?

    • Sample savings – nL of enzyme, not µ L


    • Faster analyses – can heat, cool small volumes
    quickly
    • Integration – combine lots of steps onto a single
    device
    • Novel physics – diffusion, surface tension, and
    surface effects dominate
    – This can actually lead to faster reactions!
    Some interesting LOC applications

    • Genetic analysis
    – Portable devices for pathogen detection
    – High-throughput biology
    • Chemical synthesis
    • Metabolite analysis
    • Drug delivery systems

    Courtesy of Dr. Boris Stoeber


    Genetic analysis microsystems
    Bacterial Pathogens
    Food poisoning Wound infections Lung Disease

    Dr. Sharon Peacock, University of Oxford

    Biowarfare Food poisoning:


    Pathogenic E. coli: >1 in 10,000 in Canada
    Salmonella spp.: as high as 1 in 50 eggs

    Wound infections:
    Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus: as high as 50%

    Lung Disease:
    Pseudomonas spp.
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Biowarfare:
    Anthrax, plague, smallpox
    Methods for Genetic Detection of Pathogens
    OLD WAY: NEW WAY:
    Develop bacterial pathogen detectors that are:

    Rapid (< 1 hour)

    General (many different types of pathogens)

    Sensitive (detect a single cell)

    Genetically Specific

    Field-portable
    PCR-CE Microsystem Fabrication
    Portable System for Infectious Disease Detection
    System measures 8 x 10 x 12 inches

    • Complete fluorescence detection including


    488-nm solid-state laser, PMT, optics,
    and detection electronics
    • Heater and RTD electronics
    • 4 high-voltage CE power supplies
    • PDMS microvalve hardware
    • Simple PC interface
    Thermal Cycling Characteristics
    Temperature (°C)

    Time (seconds)

    Time (seconds)

    > 5X faster than conventional thermal cyclers


    Application: Tuberculosis (TB) detection

    Disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    9 million new cases of active TB every year worldwide

    2 million TB deaths every year

    450,000 new cases of multi-drug resistant TB / yr

    10% of TB cases in South Africa are XDR TB strains,


    resistant to first- and second-line antibiotics

    Doctors Without Borders:


    Current TB detection methods

    1. Fixation and staining with acid-fast stains


    Ziehl-Neelsen or auramine stains)

    2. Optical or fluorescence microscope


    examination ( ≥ 10,000 organisms/mL)

    3. Culture in biosafety level 3 containment


    acility

    In select cases, molecular detection is


    used to verify diagnosis

    "That TB destroys millions of lives around the world every year shows that the
    current approach is just not working…The tools we have to treat and diagnose TB are
    woefully inadequate and outdated, and we're not seeing the necessary
    urgency to tackle the disease."
    Dr. Tido von Schoen-Angerer,
    Director, DWB’s Campaign for the Access to Essential Medicines
    The Not-so-Distant Future

    2008
    PDA

    2308??

    Paramount

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