NUTRITION

and
DIETETICS
 “Some eat to live,
And some live to eat!
My function is to cater them all”
 “Tell me what you eat
and I will tell you what you are”

- ANTHELME BRILLAT SAVARIN

 Food - food is vital for human
Introduction of existence.
terms

◦Food may be defined as

anything eaten or drunk , which
meets the needs of tissue
building , regulation and
protection of the body and its
energy needs.
 Diet - refers to whatever people eat , drink
Introduction of each day.
terms
The word “ nutrition “ is derived from nutricus
meaning to suckle.

Nutrition may be defined as the utilization of

food by living organisms.

Nutrition significantly promotes man’s

development , his health and welfare.
HISTORY •The first recorded dietary advice,
carved into a Babylonian stone
tablet in about 2500 BC, cautioned
those with pain inside to avoid
eating onions for three days.

•Scurvy, later found to be a vitamin

C deficiency, was first described in
1500 BC in the Ebers Papyrus
HISTORY •According to Walter Gratzer, the
study of nutrition probably began
during the 6th century BC.

•Food was classified into "hot" (for

example, meats, blood, ginger, and
hot spices) and "cold" (green
vegetables) in China, India,
Malaya, and Persia
HISTORY •Hippocrates, who recognized and was
concerned with obesity, which may
have been common in southern
Europe at the time, said, "Let food be
your medicine and medicine be your
food.“
•The book that is still attributed to
him, Corpus Hippocraticum, called
for moderation and emphasized
exercise.
HISTORY •Nutrition was officially recognized as
an independent field of study in 1928
with the formation of American
Institute of Nutrition.

•Nutrition research tries to find out the

impact of food on our body by
examining the progress in allied fields ,
such as physics, chemistry,
biochemistry, immunology
HISTORY •It is a new field of study , about one
hundred years old.

•Hippocrates had recognized diet on a

component of health - 300 B C.

•People began to realize the importance

of CHO , LIPIDS and PROTEINS for
normal growth and development.
HISTORY • Vitamin A – 1913
DISCOVERY OF • Vitamin C – 1919

VITAMINS • Vitamin D – 1925

• Vitamin K – 1935
• Vitamin B2 – 1935
• Vitamin E – 1936
• Vitamin B1 – 1936
• Vitamin B6 – 1936
• Vitamin B9 - 1948
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
OF NUTRITION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 1903-1923
•Studies done by American and foreign
scientists aided by Filipino workers.
•Studies on beri-beri and proximate
composition of foods and worked on Filipino
and physiological standards.
 Other studies conducted were:
1. analysis of various foods by Gibbs and Agcaoili(1912)

2. analysis on Philippine fruits by Pratt(1913)

3. analysis on varieties of rice by Wells (1923)

1914 -The UP College of Agriculture
published studies made by their
investigators
• Gonzales on coconut
• Dacanay on Philippine bananas
• Labayan on sweet potatoes
 VEDDER AND R.R. WILLIAMS
Cause of beri-beri – large scale of
manufacture of tiki-tiki extracts (initiated by
Bureau of Sciences, one of the first institutions
established in the country.)
These extracts reduced infant mortality rate
among infants.
 SECOND PERIOD (1923-1943)
•Intensification of research studies in our
country
•Research studies were organized and more
funds and facilities were made available to our
Filipino scientists.
 Studies conducted and published are
the following:
• Basal metabolic standards for Filipino students
(Fleming O. Santos 1923)

• Calcium content of local foods (Adriano-1925)

• Height and weight Table- Siasoco and Goco

1932 - The National Research Council(NRC) of
the Philippines was established and on a section
on nutrition was created under the
Chairmanship of F.O. Santos(Father of Nutrition
in the Phils.)
 FOOD COMMISSION- created by
President Elpidio Quirino (1951)

established nutrition services related to the

production, distribution and consumption of
food.
 1960 UP TO PRESENT

Attempts of the government and private sectors

to coordinate all activities related to food,
nutrition and agriculture throughout the
Philippines to solve the malnutrition of the
country.
1960- The National Coordinating Council on
Foods and Nutrition(NCCFN) was organized by Dr.
Conrado Pascual. ( marked the formal beginning
of the coordination of the applied nutrition,
nutrition research as well as food research
activities)
July 1, 1960- The DOH established the NNP
now National Nutrition Service, and through
its mothercraft centers helped prevent
malnutrition among the preschoolers.
1968- The Malnutrition Ward was first
established by Dr. F. Solon at Southern
Island Hospital in Cebu and is now made
a part of their service in almost all
government hospitals.
January 21,1971 – Pres. Marcos issued Executive
Order no. 285, authorizing the Natl. Food and
Agricultural Council to coordinate all food and
nutrition programs in the country.

The program was referred to as the Philippine Food

and Nutrition Program (PFNP)
June 25,1974 – The National Nutrition Council
created under the office of the President by
Presidential Decree 491 (Nutrition Act)
•was charged with the task of formulating an
integrated Nutrition nationwide.

• the act designated JULY as Nutrition Month

JULY 2, 1974 – The Nutrition Center of the
Philippines by Mrs. Imelda Marcos generate
interest and resources from among private sectors
and international institutions.

•design specific projects and activities towards

erasing the malnutrition problems in the country
.
1977- PD 1286(The Nutrition and Dietitics
Decree of 1977) regulates the practice of
nutrition and dietetics.

-sets minimum requirements for nutritionist

-dieticians for hospitals and nutrition agencies
1978- PD 1956 proclaimed to further
strengthened Nutrition Program of the
country.
-provides for the Barangay Nutrition
Scholar(BNS) for every Barangay
DEFINTION •Nutrition is defined as the science of
food and its relationship to health.

•It is the study of nutrients and processes

by which they are used by the body.

•It is concerned with the part played by

nutrients in the body growth ,
development and maintenance.
DEFINTION •Nutrition is the selection of foods and
preparation of foods, and their ingestion to
be assimilated by the body.

•By practicing a healthy diet, many of the

known health issues can be avoided.

•The diet of an organism is what it eats,

which is largely determined by the
perceived palatability of foods.
DEFINTION •Dietitians are health professionals
who specialize in human nutrition,
meal planning, economics, and
preparation.

• They are trained to provide safe,

evidence-based dietary advice and
management to individuals (in health
and disease), as well as to institutions.
DEFINTION •Malnutrition - a pathological state
OF TERMS
resulting from a relative or
absolute deficiency or excess of
one or more essential nutrients.
• It comprises four forms –
• Under nutrition
• Over nutrition
• Imbalance
DEFINTION •A condition which results when
OF TERMS
insufficient food is eaten over an
Under Nutrition extended period of time. In
extreme cases it is called
starvation.
DEFINTION •Pathological state resulting from the
OF TERMS
consumption of excessive quantity of
food over an extended period of time.
Over nutrition

•Eg ; obesity, atheroma and diabetes.

DEFINTION •Pathological state resulting from the
OF TERMS
consumption of excessive quantity of
Imbalance food over an extended period of time.

•Eg ; obesity, atheroma and diabetes.

 DEFINTION
OF TERMS
•A pathological state resulting from a
Specific deficiency relative or absolute lack of an individual
nutrient.
ROLE OF NUTRITION IN
MAINTAINING HEALTH
 ROLE OF • Nutrition includes all those processes of a
NUTRITION IN living being whereby it takes food, digests it,
MAINTAINING and utilizes the digested materials for its
HEALTH survival,
•growth, and
•repair of worn-out parts of the body. Digested
and assimilated materials become the food for
cells.
•Nutrition is fundamental for our own health
•Essential for health and wellbeing
•Prevents malnutrition
 ROLE OF
NUTRITION IN •Nutrition is required for the following
MAINTAINING purposes.
HEALTH Growth and development
• Body cells multiply regularly. They
increase in size also. For these
processes and to replace damaged and
worn-out tissues, new protoplasm is
continuously required. Food helps in
the formation of new protoplasm in the
body.
 ROLE OF
NUTRITION IN •Nutrition is required for the following
MAINTAINING purposes.
HEALTH
Release of Energy
• Energy is required for performing
various life process like ingestion,
digestion, absorption, movement, co-
ordination, secretion, circulation,
respiration, etc. energy required for
these processes is released by the
oxidation of food in the protoplasm.
 ROLE OF
NUTRITION IN •Nutrition is required for the following
MAINTAINING purposes.
HEALTH
Formation of Organic
substance
• Many organic substances like enzymes and
hormones are required by the living beings. These
are produced from the raw materials provided by
food.
 ROLE OF
NUTRITION IN •Nutrition is required for the following
MAINTAINING purposes.
HEALTH
Regulating Metabolic
Processes
Food is required by the organisms for
various other metabolic activities. For
maintaining and repairing various parts,
the food provides basic raw materials.
 ROLE OF
NUTRITION IN •Nutrition is required for the following
MAINTAINING purposes.
HEALTH
Giving resistance to infection

• Food is also helpful in building up the

resistance against diseases