Pre-Slide Deck Science 9 Quarter 4, Week 8

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ELECTRICITY (generation, transmission, and distribution)

MELC Objectives

Prepared by: Franklin Alibin and Maverick Arquillo

Priming
Activities
Lesson Applicatio
Exercises/Illustration Generalization
Proper/Discussion n
MELC: Explain how electrical energy is
generated, transmitted, and distributed S9FE-
IVhj-46
• Learning Objective/s:
 Analyze how power plants generate and
transmit electrical energy.

 Describe the transformation of mechanical


energy into electrical energy and the
transmission of electrical energy.

 Explain how electric power is generated and


transported over the transmission lines from
the power generation facility to homes.

 provide a solid understanding of the operation


and design of electrical power equipment.
Priming Activities
CHOOSE YOUR ENERGY. Multiple choice. C. Out of main switch during the day
Write your answer before the item. D. Connect appliances in series
1. It is where energy is created.
A. Generation 3. Energy is transported across high
B. Transmission voltage transmission to lower-voltage
C. Distribution distribution lines.
D. Load A. Transmission and distribution
B. Generation and transmission
2. To reduce your electric bill C. Distribution and Generation
A. Make use of limited appliances D. Transmission to Load
B. Put off appliances when not in use

Home Next
Priming Activities
4. Shayne turned on a lamp switch in her room. Which of the following is the correct
path of electrical power that can be traced back to the source?
A. Power plant  transmission substations  distribution substations 
residences
B. Transmission substations  power plants  residences  distribution
substations
C. Residences  distribution substations  power plants  transmission
substations
D. Distribution substations  transmission substations  power plants residences

5. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as water flows downhill. The
water can be used to turn the blades of a turbine to generate electricity.
A. Wind energy
B. Nuclear power plant
C. Geothermal power plant
Previous Home
D. Hydroelectric energy
How Electricity produced?
Electricity powers all our gadgets and appliances at home.

• Have you ever wondered how electricity reaches us from the


electric power plant?
• What processes does electricity have to go through to reach
us at home?

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Generation of electrical energy
is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. For
utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery to end
users (transmission, distribution, etc.).
A characteristic of electricity is that it is not freely available in nature in large
amounts, so it must be "produced" (that is, transforming other forms of energy to
electricity).
Production is carried out in power stations (also called "power plants"). Electricity
is most often generated at a power plant by electromechanical generators,
primarily driven by heat engines fueled by combustion or nuclear fission but also
by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind.

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Hydroelectric Geothermal Wind Nuclear
Videos Videos Videos Videos

Previous Discussion
Transmission of Electrical energy 
is the process of delivering generated electricity usually over long distances to the
distribution grid located in populated areas. The electrical transmission system combined
with power plants, distribution systems, and sub-stations to form what is known as the
electrical grid. 
Before it is sent to distribution centers via transmission lines, it is stepped up using a
transformer to a voltage level depending on the distance that it needs to be transmitted,
the longer the distance, the higher the voltage level.
 
The reason electrical power is stepped up to these voltage levels is to make it more
efficient by reducing the I2R losses that take place when power is transmitted. When
voltage is stepped up, the current reduces relative to the voltage so that power remains
constant, thus reducing these I2R losses.
I2R Loss is I-Squared-R losses, or current [squared] x resistance, may also called Copper
Losses, the power lost because of the current through a resistance.

Home Discussion Next


Two types of transmission
primary transmission
the transfer of a large quantity of electrical power from the initial generating station to the
substation via overhead electrical lines. In some countries, underground cables are also used in
cases where transmission takes place over a shorter distance.

Secondary transmission
Reaching from the receiving station that the voltage is stepped back down to a voltage typically
between 33kV and 66kV, so It is then sent to transmission lines emerging from this receiving station
to electrical substations closer to “load centers” such as cities, villages, and urban areas. This
process is known as secondary transmission.

Previous Discussion Next


When electrical power reaches a substation, it is stepped down once more by a step-down
transformer to voltages closer to what it was generated at usually around 11kV. From here, the
transmission phase graduates to the distribution phase, and electrical power is used to meet
demand from primary and secondary consumers.

Previous Discussion
Distribution of Electrical Energy
is the final stage in the delivery  of electric power; it carries electricity from the
transmission system to individual consumers.
Distribution substations  connect to the transmission system and lowering the
transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging from between 2 kV and 35 kV with the
use of transformers. 

Home Discussion Next


Two types of Distribution of Electrical Energy
Primary distribution
Is a voltage range from 4 kV to 35 kV phase-to-phase (2.4 kV to 20 kV phase-to-
neutral) Only large consumers are fed directly from distribution voltages. And most utility
customers are connected to a transformer, which reduces the distribution voltage to the
low voltage "utilization voltage", "supply voltage" or "mains voltage" used by lighting and
interior wiring systems.

Secondary distribution
A low-voltage network or secondary network is a part
of electric power distribution which carries electric energy from distribution transformers to
electricity meters of end customers.
Distribution transformers or secondary transformers, placed along feeders, convert
the voltage from the medium to a low voltage level, suitable for direct consumption by end
customers (mains voltage)

Previous Discussion Next


Distribution of Electrical Energy

Previous Discussion
Exercise / illustration
DISADVANTAGE TO ADVANTAGE. Classify the following statements into Advantages (A) or
Disadvantages (D). Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
QUESTIONS: ADVANTAGE (A) or
DISADVANTAGE (D)
1. Hydropower plants can generate power to the grid immediately, they  A
provide essential back-up power during major electricity outages or
disruptions.
2. Energy fluid needs to be pumped back into the underground reservoirs  D
faster than it is depleted. Management is required to maintain
sustainability.
3. Nuclear power is a promising energy future  A

4. Impoundment hydropower creates reservoirs that offer a variety of  A


recreational opportunities, notably fishing, swimming, and boating. Most
waterpower installations are required to provide some public access to the
reservoir to allow the public to take advantage of these opportunities.
5. wind energy qualifies as a renewable resource, wind speeds fluctuate  D
each day

Home
Generalization
TRANSPORTING ENERGY. Explain what each of the components numbered below does to get electricity
from the generator to consumer.

1. POWER PLANT: Generates electricity


2. STEP-UP TRANSFORMER: Increase voltage to reduce transmission loss.
3. TRANSMISSION LINE: Transport high voltage electricity over long distances
4. POWER TOWER: Carries or holds transmission lines
5. STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER: Lower voltage for smaller distribution lines
6. DISTRIBUTION LINE: Carries lower voltage electricity to homes and business
7. NEIGHBORHOOD TRANSFORMER: Lower voltage to an amount that can be safely used by the
appliances in homes and business
Home
Application
GREAT ENERGY COMES GREATER ELECTRIC BILL
Recall the uses of energy mentioned in the discussion part and write a
short essay of what life is like without Electrical energy.
____________________________________________________________
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Home
Hydroelectric Energy

Electricity
Generation
Geothermal Energy

Electricity
Generation
Wind Energy

Electricity
Generation
Nuclear Energy

Electricity
Generation

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