Pre-Slide Deck Science 9 Quarter 4, Week 8
Pre-Slide Deck Science 9 Quarter 4, Week 8
Pre-Slide Deck Science 9 Quarter 4, Week 8
MELC Objectives
Priming
Activities
Lesson Applicatio
Exercises/Illustration Generalization
Proper/Discussion n
MELC: Explain how electrical energy is
generated, transmitted, and distributed S9FE-
IVhj-46
• Learning Objective/s:
Analyze how power plants generate and
transmit electrical energy.
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Priming Activities
4. Shayne turned on a lamp switch in her room. Which of the following is the correct
path of electrical power that can be traced back to the source?
A. Power plant transmission substations distribution substations
residences
B. Transmission substations power plants residences distribution
substations
C. Residences distribution substations power plants transmission
substations
D. Distribution substations transmission substations power plants residences
5. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as water flows downhill. The
water can be used to turn the blades of a turbine to generate electricity.
A. Wind energy
B. Nuclear power plant
C. Geothermal power plant
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D. Hydroelectric energy
How Electricity produced?
Electricity powers all our gadgets and appliances at home.
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Generation of electrical energy
is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. For
utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery to end
users (transmission, distribution, etc.).
A characteristic of electricity is that it is not freely available in nature in large
amounts, so it must be "produced" (that is, transforming other forms of energy to
electricity).
Production is carried out in power stations (also called "power plants"). Electricity
is most often generated at a power plant by electromechanical generators,
primarily driven by heat engines fueled by combustion or nuclear fission but also
by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind.
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Transmission of Electrical energy
is the process of delivering generated electricity usually over long distances to the
distribution grid located in populated areas. The electrical transmission system combined
with power plants, distribution systems, and sub-stations to form what is known as the
electrical grid.
Before it is sent to distribution centers via transmission lines, it is stepped up using a
transformer to a voltage level depending on the distance that it needs to be transmitted,
the longer the distance, the higher the voltage level.
The reason electrical power is stepped up to these voltage levels is to make it more
efficient by reducing the I2R losses that take place when power is transmitted. When
voltage is stepped up, the current reduces relative to the voltage so that power remains
constant, thus reducing these I2R losses.
I2R Loss is I-Squared-R losses, or current [squared] x resistance, may also called Copper
Losses, the power lost because of the current through a resistance.
Secondary transmission
Reaching from the receiving station that the voltage is stepped back down to a voltage typically
between 33kV and 66kV, so It is then sent to transmission lines emerging from this receiving station
to electrical substations closer to “load centers” such as cities, villages, and urban areas. This
process is known as secondary transmission.
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Distribution of Electrical Energy
is the final stage in the delivery of electric power; it carries electricity from the
transmission system to individual consumers.
Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and lowering the
transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging from between 2 kV and 35 kV with the
use of transformers.
Secondary distribution
A low-voltage network or secondary network is a part
of electric power distribution which carries electric energy from distribution transformers to
electricity meters of end customers.
Distribution transformers or secondary transformers, placed along feeders, convert
the voltage from the medium to a low voltage level, suitable for direct consumption by end
customers (mains voltage)
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Exercise / illustration
DISADVANTAGE TO ADVANTAGE. Classify the following statements into Advantages (A) or
Disadvantages (D). Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
QUESTIONS: ADVANTAGE (A) or
DISADVANTAGE (D)
1. Hydropower plants can generate power to the grid immediately, they A
provide essential back-up power during major electricity outages or
disruptions.
2. Energy fluid needs to be pumped back into the underground reservoirs D
faster than it is depleted. Management is required to maintain
sustainability.
3. Nuclear power is a promising energy future A
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Generalization
TRANSPORTING ENERGY. Explain what each of the components numbered below does to get electricity
from the generator to consumer.
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Hydroelectric Energy
Electricity
Generation
Geothermal Energy
Electricity
Generation
Wind Energy
Electricity
Generation
Nuclear Energy
Electricity
Generation