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Polymer Chemistry For Packaging Applications

The document discusses polymer materials used for packaging applications. It explains that polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene account for over 90% of polymers used in packaging due to their low cost, ease of processing, and wide range of properties. It also discusses biopolymers as environmentally friendly substitutes for synthetic polymers. Common biopolymers used in packaging include PHA, PGA, PBS, PLA, PCL, and PTT. The document outlines various polymer applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, food, and electronics.

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467 views25 pages

Polymer Chemistry For Packaging Applications

The document discusses polymer materials used for packaging applications. It explains that polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene account for over 90% of polymers used in packaging due to their low cost, ease of processing, and wide range of properties. It also discusses biopolymers as environmentally friendly substitutes for synthetic polymers. Common biopolymers used in packaging include PHA, PGA, PBS, PLA, PCL, and PTT. The document outlines various polymer applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, food, and electronics.

Uploaded by

divya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLYMER CHEMISTRY

FOR PACKAGING APPLICATIONS


-Divya Mishra
1st Sem M.tech Polymer Engineering
What is packaging?
Packaging can be defined in various ways :
• The process of providing a protective and informative covering to
the product in such a way that it protects the product during
material handling, storage and movement and also provide
useful information to all the concerned parties about the content
of the package.
• All those activities related to designing, evaluating and producing
the container for a product.
• The science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting
products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.
• The process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. 
Why polymer is used as packaging
material?
Polymers are the most commonly used materials for packaging
applications because
• Low cost
• Easy process ability
• Availability of abundant resources for their production
• Have a wide range of properties which can be tailored
according to the product requirement
Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate
(PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS) are the most
common packaging polymers, accounting for more than 90% of the
total volume of polymers used in packaging.
Nowadays, biopolymer packaging materials are an
environment-friendly substitute for synthetic polymers.

agro-industrial
Biodegradable waste (biomass)
usage

renewable raw Biopolyme active


materials r materials antioxidants

cost
availability effectiveness
edible
Polymeric material used for
packaging application
• Polyolefins such as LDPE, HDPE and PP, along with PET, PS and
PVC, are the most widely used plastics for packaging,
accounting for almost 98% of the total packaging plastic
consumption worldwide.

•  Biopolymers are currently used in food coatings, food


packaging materials and encapsulation matrices for functional
foods. They provide unique solutions to enhance product shelf-
life whilst also reducing the overall carbon footprint related to
food packaging.
PHA: Polyhydroxyalkanoates(sugars and lipid fermentation)
PGA: Polyglycolide(glycolic acid polycondensation)
PBS: Polubutylene succinate
PLA: Polylactic acid(lactic acid ring-opening polymerisation)
PCL: Polycaprolactone (caprolactone ring-opening polymerisation)
PTT: Polytrimethylene terepthalate (1,3-propanediol and terephthalic acid cond.
polymerisation)
PBAT: Polybutylene adipate terephthalate(random polymerization of 1,4-butanediol and
adipic acid and the polymer of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) with 1,4-butanediol.)
Applications of packaging
• Packaging is used in all sorts of industries with applications in the
medical field, pharmaceuticals, food, electronic devices, paper
packaging etc.
• Currently the packaging sector accounts for over 40% of the total
worldwide polymers consumption.
The essential functions of packaging can be broadly classified into primary
and secondary functions.
• Primary functions such as those associated with protection, storage,
loading, and transport of the product will require the packaging to be
strong, leak proof and able to withstand any external conditions that
the storage or transportation environment will impose.
• Secondary functions such as those associated with promoting sales of
the product may require the packaging to be transparent or to have
good physical appearance (glossy) to attract customer attention.
Types of Packaging material:

1. Glass
2. Metal
3. Rubber
4. Plastics
5. Fibrous Material
6. Films, foils
Pharmaceutical Industry
• Single-dose containers hold the medicine that is intended for
single use. e.g. glass ampoule.

• Multidose containers hold a quantity of the material that will


be used as two or more doses. e.g. multiple dose vial or the
plastic tablet bottle.
•Well-closed containers protect the product from contamination
with unwanted foreign materials and from loss of contents during
use.
•Airtight containers are impermeable to solids, liquids and gases
during normal storage and use. If the container is to be opened on
more than one occasion it must remain airtight after re-closure.

•Sealed containers such as glass ampoules are closed by fusion of


the container material.

•Tamper-evident containers are closed containers fitted with a


device that irreversibly indicates if the container has been opened.
•Light-resistant containers protect the contents from the effect of
radiation at a wavelength between 290 nm and 450 nm.
•Child-resistant containers, commonly referred to as CRCs, are
designed to prevent children accessing the potentially hazardous
product.
• Blister packs are composed of a base layer, with cavities that contain
the pharmaceutical product, and a lid. This lid is sealed to the base
layer by heat, pressure or both. They are more rigid than strip packs
and are not used for powders or semi-solids. Blister packs can be
printed with, day and week identifiers to produce calendar packs.
These identifiers will support patient compliance.
• Tropicalized packs are blister packs with an additional aluminum
membrane to provide greater protection against high humidity.

• Strip packs have at least one sealed pocket of material with each
pocket containing a single dose of the product. The pack is made of
two layers of film or laminate material. The nature and the level of
protection that is required by the contained product will affect the
composition of these layers.
Packaging Materials in Food Industry
1. Cans
2. Glass Containers
3. Rigid plastic containers
4. Flexible plastic packaging
5. Paper & board
6. Aluminium foil & laminates
7. Styrofoam
Cans
Advantages:
• Cheap & widely used
• Provides good protection of
the contents
• Easy to handle during
manufacture (filling stacking &
packing)
• Stack easily on supermarket
shelves
• Store for long periods of time
Aluminium cans:
• used for soft drinks
Glass Containers
Characteristics:
• Chemically inert - wont react with its
contents
• Non porous
• Odourless & hygienic
• Contents can be seen as glass is
transparent
• Great strength (continually getting
stronger & lighter)
• Easy open & re-sealable
• Variety of shapes & sizes
• Long-term storage & extended shelf-life
• Sustainable - can be recycled or re-used
Paper & Cardboard
Paper:
• Used for a wide variety of products
• Versatile & cost effective
• Variety of shapes, textures & thickness'
available
• Greaseproof paper can be used when
packaging products such as
confectionary & butter. They act as a
barrier to odours & moisture
Paperboard (thicker paper-based
packaging)
• Can be laminated with other
materials to create strength
& moisture resistance E.g.
Tetra packs
Pulped Fibreboard
• Offers protection for
products such as eggs
because of the airsplace
between the particles
Rigid Plastic Packaging
Types of plastic used:
• polyethylene terepthalate (PET) - used clear as colouring
has an impact on the strength. E.g. soft drink, water & oil
• high density polyethylene (HDPE) - stronger when colour
is added. Used for products with a shorter shelf life E.g.
milk
• Polypropylene (PP) - high melting point so is useful for
hot fill products such as soups & fruits in syrup. Can be
moulded easily E.g. yoghurt & ice cream
• Polystyrene (PS) - Aerated texture allows package to
protect the product from physical damage. Also provide
thermal retention E.g. trays & cups
Flexible Plastic Packaging
Any plastic that is formed into a sheet or reel with a thickness
of up to 0.375mm
Plastic films & Bags:
• Polyethylene (PET) E.g. cling wrap
• High-density polyethylene (HDPE) E.g. Cereal bags
• Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) E.g. Kraft singles
wrappers
• Polypropylene (PP) E.g. chip, biscuit, 2 minute noodle
wrappers
Aluminium Foils
Most foils made from aluminium
Advantages:
• light
• flexible
• strong
• Able to withstand moderate heat
Examples:
• Tubes - condensed milk
• Trays - frozen foods
• Product seals - sour cream, butter & yoghurt
• Wrappers - Cadbury chocolate block
Laminations
Aluminium foil joined with other materials
such as plastic and paper to create a stronger
packaging material.
Example:
Muesli bar wrapper (paper, foil & plastic)
Tetra Packs:
Multi-layered laminations known as
composite packages
Each layer provides a different purpose
Metallising:
Plastic coated in a fine layer of metal. E.g.
Twisties chip packets
Thank
You

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