PLC SYSTEM

S T U D E N T N A M E : H A N G H Y VA N
STUDENT ID: 19ED10130
 CONTENT
1. Introduction PLC System and its
advantages

2. The PLCs architecture and the PLC

operation

3. Types of PLC

4. The sensors and actuators

5. PLC brands and types of programming

language

6. Illustrate PLC Program

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 1.1 INTRODUCTION PLC SYSTEM
 A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER SYSTEMS (PLCs)
are tiny industrial computers with modular components
that are meant to automate specific control operations.

 The first programmable logic controller was introduced in

1968 to replace complex relay circuitry in industrial
operations. The PLC was meant to be simple to program
for plant engineers and personnel who were already
familiar with relay logic and control diagrams.

 The PLC takes inputs, performs logic on the inputs in the

CPU and then turns on or off outputs based on that logic.

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 1.2 ADVANTAGES OF PLC
 Easy to change logic i.e. flexibility

 Reliable due to absence of moving parts

 Low power consumption

 Easy maintenance due to modular assembly

 Facilities in fault finding and diagnostic

 Capable of handling of very complicated logic operations

 Analog signal handling and close loop control programming

 Counter, timer and comparator can be programmed

 Ease operator interface due to advisory system introduction

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 TITLE
2.1 THE PLCS
ARCHITECTURE  CPU: Which is Central Processing
Unit, considered as the brain of the

 I/O Modules: The I/O interface is to PLC system, where ladder logic is

condition the various signals vb stored and processed.

received from or sent to the external  Application: Which use logical inputs
input and output devices and outputs for controlling most

 Power Supply: Which is to power the application and PLCs

CPU, input and output modules. It  Output Module: which output to

can be built into the PLC or be an actuators allow a PLC to cause
external unit. Common voltage something to happen in a process.
levels required by the PLC are 24Vdc,
110Vac or 220Vac

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 2.2 THE PLC OPERATION
PLCs operate by continually scanning and repeat this
process as below:

 Inputs Scan: The PLC scans each input card to

determine if it is ON or OFF, save this information in
data table, which makes process faster.

 Execute Program: The PLC executes a program one

instruction at a time using only the memory copy of
the inputs the ladder logic program.

 Update Ouputs: The outputs update the status

based on which inputs were ON, using the
temporary values in memory, and restarting the
process for faults.
THE PLC OPERATION
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 3. TYPES OF PLC
 UNITARY PLC:

- A unitary PLC contains all of the basic system

components within a single housing (box), which typically
include the Processor, some ports for Input and Output
connections. Unitary PLCs are typically attached to the
device or application that is being controlled.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Less scanning time 1. Limited I/O modules
2. Fixed version are usually 2. Not suited for future
small, less memory so expansion
cost is less 3. Take much time to
3. Less troupleshooting repair, entire units need
time so less downtime replacing when units fail
Basic Logic Modules LOGO! 8

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 3. TYPES OF PLC
 UNITARY PLC CAPACITY:

Basic Logic Modules LOGO! 8 will be an example of Unitary

PLC with its capacity and technical specification as below:
Technical Specifications
Maximum 24 digital inputs
Inputs/Output 20 digital outputs
Modules
8 analog inputs
8 analog output

Speed 4 inputs can be used for high-speed up to 5 kHz

Special 400 function blocks can be interlinked
Function Up to 64 bit memories
Integrated retentivity
64 open terminals, 4 8-bit shift registers
Basic Logic Modules LOGO! 8

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 3. TYPES OF PLC
 MODULAR PLC:

A Modular PLC contains several different modules, coupled

together to build a customized controller, which contains
core functions such as electrical power regulation, the
computer processor, I/O connections. Modular PLC can be
customized and changed easily.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Large memory 1. High cost
2. Large number of Inputs 2. Complicated to install
and Outputs 3. Using lots of space
3. Able and easy to expand
4. Having higher
performance processor

Modular PLC Modules S7-1200

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 3. TYPES OF PLC
 MODULAR PLC CAPACITY:

Modular PLC Modules S7-1200 will be an example of Modular

PLC with its capacity and technical specification as below:
Technical Specifications
Maximum Between 23 and 40 Inputs and Outputs
Inputs/Output Number of connections can be expanded easily
Modules by adding modules

Speed 3 input gates with high-speed up to 100 kHz

Special Easy getting started
Function Uncomplicated operation with powerfull
standard commands
Real-time properties with special interrupt
functions, fast counters, and pulse outputs

Modular PLC Modules S7-1200

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 3. TYPES OF PLC
 RACK-MOUNTED PLC:

The Rack-Mounted PLC is similar to the modular concept,

which keeps each module separate. All extra modules are
connected through a network, and modules are held in
organized racks. Rack-Mounted PLC are well organized on
the rack and can be removed and reinserted as needed.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Can be modified and 1. Use most expensive of
expanded the PLC types
2. Have all types of I/Oputs 2. Complicated to install
3. Be able to changed the 3. Not be common to use is
unit failed which saves general and household
money
Rack-Mounted PLC S7-300

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 3. TYPES OF PLC
 RACK-MOUNTED PLC:

Rack-Mounted PLC Modules S7-300 will be an example of PLC

with its capacity and technical specification as below:
Technical Specifications
Maximum No limites on the number of modules can be
Inputs/Output added to this system
Modules Each mounted on a standard rack chassis

Speed Speed of operating is 0.025us

Special High-speed instruction processing
Function Floating-point arithmetic
User-friendly parameter assignment
Operator control and monitoring (HMI)

Rack-Mounted PLC S7-300

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 4.1 THE SENSOR TITLE:
I. Sourcing Sensors:
• In a sourcing configuration, the load must be connected
between the sensor output and the DC ground.
• The transistor logic output switches the DC positive
voltage.
• The sensor is the source of the current required to power
the load.
• Current supplied by the sensor passes through the load
second and then to ground. A sensor with a sourcing
output switches the positive leg of the circuit.

Sourcing Path (PNP):

Power > Sensor > Load > Ground = Sourcing
Sourcing Sensors

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 4.1 THE SENSOR TITLE:
II. Sinking Sensors:
• In a sinking configuration, current passes through the load
first, through the output switch of the sensor second and
lastly to ground.
• It is a transistor logic output that switches the DC ground,
or negative, leg of the circuit.

Sourcing Path (NPN):

Power > Load > Sensor > Ground = Sinking

Sinking Sensors

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 4.1 THE SENSOR TITLE:
III. Optical Sensors:
• An optical sensor converts light rays into an electronic
signal.
• The purpose of an optical sensor is to measure a physical
quantity of light and, depending on the type of sensor, then
translates it into a form that is readable by an integrated
measuring device.
• Optical Sensors are used for contact-less detection, counting
or positioning of parts.
• External sensors gather and transmit a required quantity of
light, while internal sensors are used to measure the bends
and other small changes in direction.
Different kinds of optical sensors:
1. Through-Beam Sensors
2. Retro-Reflective Sensors
3. Diffuse Reflection Sensors

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 4.1 THE SENSOR TITLE:
IV. Capacitive Sensors:
• Capacitive proximity sensors are non-contact devices that
can detect the presence or absence of virtually any object
regardless of material.
• They utilize the electrical property of capacitance and the
change of capacitance based on a change in the electrical
field around the active face of the sensor.

Capacitive sensing technology such as:

• flow • shaft angle or linear position
• pressure • dimmer switches
• liquid level • key switches
• spacing • x-y tablet
Capacitive Sensors
• thickness • accelerometers
• ice detection

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 4.1 THE SENSOR TITLE:
V. Inductive Sensors:
• An inductive sensor is a device that uses the principle of
electromagnetic induction to detect or measure objects.
• An inductor develops a magnetic field when a current flows
through it, a current will flow through a circuit containing an
inductor when the magnetic field through it changes.
• This effect can be used to detect metallic objects that
interact with a magnetic field.
There are three types of Inductive Sensors:
 The high-frequency oscillation type using
electromagnetic induction, the magnetic type using a
magnet
 The capacitance type using the change in capacitance.
Inductive Sensors

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 4.2 THE ACTUATOR TITLE:
 Definition:
• Actuators, on the other hand, convert an electrical
signal (control signal) to mechanical movement.
• Actuators translate the output signal into practical
operations.
• Actuator connected to high-power sources, but they
have coils to allow DC voltage to control the switching.
 Solenoid:
• The movement of the iron core is the main operation
• Engerized coil produces a magnetic field
• Usage of solenoids: hydraulic, door locks, pneumatic
Actuator
• They are directly linked to PLC outputs with low
voltage and rated current

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 4.2 THE ACTUATOR TITLE:
 Valve operation:
• A valve actuator is a device that produces force to
open or close the valve utilizing a power source.
• This source of power can be manual (hand, gear, chain-
wheel, lever, etc.)
• In case of impacting a task or process, we apply valve Actuator Valve Operation
actuator to utilized to BLOCK or DIVERT the path of
compressed air, water, fluids, or steam.
 Valve style:
• The aesthetic of an Actuator Valve range and
underlying design ideas are reflected in style.
• They are divided into three catagories: Pneumatic,
Manual, Mechanical, and Electrical.

Actuator Valve Style

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 4.2 THE ACTUATOR TITLE:
 Types of Control Valve Actuators:
• Type 2/2: 2 ways 2 positions
• Type 5/2: 5 ways 2 positions

• Type 3/2: 3 ways 2 positions • Type 5/3: 5 ways 3 positions

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 4.2 THE CYLINDER TITLE:
 What is Actuator Cylinders?
• Pneumatic Actuator Cylinders are the products used to
provide linear or rotary motion and force to automated
systems, machines and processes.
• Pneumatic cylinders and actuators are a simple way to
achieve force and generate accurate linear and rotary
motion.
 Types of Actuator Cylinder:
• ISOLine Profile & Tie-Rod Cylinders
• Roundline Cylinders
• Compact Cylinders Actuator Cylinder

• Integrated Valve & Actuator (IVAC)

• Rodless Cylinders

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 4.3 SENSOR SELECTION
TITLE:
 Omron E3F3-D31 2M:  Omron E2K-C25ME2:
We use the photoelectric Omron We utilize the Omron E2K because
E3F3 sensors to determine if the of its capacitive proximity sensor
barrel contains any objects in it to determine whether or not
or not. there is liquid in the tank.
• The optical sensors detect the • This type of sensor is applied
existence of an object using Omron E3F3-D31 2M Omron E2K-C25ME2
to determine whether the
light released by the emitter, when an object is dielectric containt of liquid or not. When liquid
present, the sensor will be received the signal. passes through, the capacitance of the capacitor
• The Omron E3F3 is also able to sense distance, rises in proportion to the dielectric constant of the
which is long-lasting and accurate, detects a broad liquid, due to the component that changes the
range of objects, and responds quickly (sensitivity capacitance C of the spots.
adjustable)

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 5.1 PLC BRANDS
 PLC Brands
There are several varieties of PLC brands available on the
market today, including:
• PLC Siemens
• PLC Omron
• PLC Delta
• PLC Mitsibishi
• PLC Hitachi
In Vietnam, the PLC Mitsubishi, which have a reasonable
price, make it become very common and popular as well as
according to its advantages of discrete control and drive
control.
Additionally, the program writing is easier than the other
kind of PLC, and it is set up to be done from the top of
programming. Mitsubishi PLC MELSEC iQ-R Series

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 5.1 PLC BRANDS
 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1200 PLC CPU:
Specifications:

Number of Inputs 16 (14 Digital, 2 Analogue)

Output Type Digital, Relay
Input Type Analogue, Digital
Voltage Category 20.4 → 28.8 V dc
Number of Outputs 10 (Digital)
Network Type Ethernet
Communication Port Type Ethernet
Minimum Operating
0°C
Temperature
Memory 50 kB
Output Current 1.6 A
PLC CPU Siemens SIMATIC S7-1200

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 5.1 PLC BRANDS
 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 PLC CPU:
Specifications:

CPU type 1513R CPU/1515R CPU

via PROFINET ring

Synchronization/Distance
(MRP)/max. 100 m

Yes, fail-over time approx.

Hot standby
300 ms
SIMATIC ET 200SP and
IO systems
ET 200MP
S1 and S2 devices via
Connection type
PROFINET
PLC CPU Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500

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 5.2 TYPE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
 The Siemens Program:

• X is for input

• Y is for output

• Timer is for T1_K + Timer (ms)

• Counter is for C1_K + times of count

• Set and Reset

PLC Programming Language

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 5.2 TYPE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
 Programming Languages:
- Ladder Logic: which is a graphical programming
language, which implies that the programming is done
by mixing distinct visual components rather than text.
Symbols are the name given to these visual
components. Ladder Logic

- Function Block Diagram (FBD): which is a graphical

language for the design of programmable logic
controllers that may define the function between
input and output variables.
A function is defined as a collection of basic building
pieces. Connection lines connect input and output
variables to blocks. Function Block Diagram

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 5.2 TYPE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
 The IEC 61131-3 Programming Languages:

- Sequential Function Chart (SFC): resembles the

computer flowcharts that many will remember Sequential Function Chart
drawing up in their college days.

- Instruction List: which consists of many lines of code,

with each line representing exactly one operation,
step-by-step in layout and format, make the entry of a
series of simple mathematical functions easy.

- Structed Text: which resembles a high-level computer Instruction List

programming language such as PASCAL or C++.
Structed Text has seen the greatest increase in
adoption.

Structed Text
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 6. ILLUSTRATE PLC PROGRAM
 Programming Languages:
- Ladder Logic: which is a graphical programming
language, which implies that the programming is done
by mixing distinct visual components rather than text.
Symbols are the name given to these visual
components. Ladder Logic

- Function Block Diagram (FBD): which is a graphical

language for the design of programmable logic
controllers that may define the function between
input and output variables.
A function is defined as a collection of basic building
pieces. Connection lines connect input and output
variables to blocks. Function Block Diagram

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THANK YOU

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