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    How Do People Get Trichomoniasis?: Vaginalis

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    Pearl Raiza Hadani
    Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. It is most commonly transmitted through sexual contact, infecting the vagina in women and urethra in men. While many cases are asymptomatic, symptoms may include discharge and irritation when infected. Left untreated, trichomoniasis can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women and prostate infections in men. It also increases the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV.

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    How Do People Get Trichomoniasis?: Vaginalis

    Uploaded by

    Pearl Raiza Hadani
    55 views7 pages
    Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. It is most commonly transmitted through sexual contact, infecting the vagina in women and urethra in men. While many cases are asymptomatic, symptoms may include discharge and irritation when infected. Left untreated, trichomoniasis can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women and prostate infections in men. It also increases the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV.

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    Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. It is most commonly transmitted through sexual contact, infecting the vagina in women and urethra in men. While many cases are asymptomatic, symptoms may include discharge and irritation when infected. Left untreated, trichomoniasis can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women and prostate infections in men. It also increases the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV.

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    55 views7 pages

    How Do People Get Trichomoniasis?: Vaginalis

    Uploaded by

    Pearl Raiza Hadani
    Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. It is most commonly transmitted through sexual contact, infecting the vagina in women and urethra in men. While many cases are asymptomatic, symptoms may include discharge and irritation when infected. Left untreated, trichomoniasis can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women and prostate infections in men. It also increases the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV.

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    How do people get trichomoniasis?

    • Trichomoniasis is caused
    by the single-celled
    protozoan
    parasite, Trichomonas
    vaginalis.

    • The vagina is the most


    common site of infection
    in women, and the
    urethra (urine canal) is
    the most common site of
    infection in men.
    Trichomonas vaginalis
    • Approximately the size of a white blood cell.

    • Trichomonads vary in size from approximately five 20


    micrometers wide. In a wet mount preparation of
    vaginal secretions, the live organism can often be
    recognized by its motion, which has been described as
    jerky, swaying, or tumbling.

    • T. vaginalis is anaerobic, and it grows best in oxygen-


    free, low acidity environments. Maximum growth and
    metabolic function is achieved at a pH of 6.0.3
    • Its flagellum allows it to
    move around vaginal and
    urethral tissues. T
    vaginalis directly damages
    the epithelium, leading to
    microulcerations of
    inhabited tissues, increasing
    the risk of HIV transmission.

    • Symptoms of trichomoniasis
    typically occur after an
    incubation period of 4-28
    days.
    • In women, T vaginalis is
    isolated from the vagina,
    cervix, urethra, bladder.

    • In men, the organism is


    found in the anterior
    urethra, external genitalia,
    prostate, epididymis, and
    semen.
    SITE
    • Because trichomoniasis is a 
    sexually transmitted disease, it occurs more often
    in individuals who have multiple sexual partners.

    PATHOGENESIS
    • The protozoan is passed to an individual by contact within the body fluids of an infected sexual
    partner. It often occurs simultaneously with other sexually transmitted diseases,
    especially gonorrhea.

    • In women, the symptoms of trichomoniasis include an unpleasant vaginal odor, and a heavy, frothy,
    yellow discharge from the vagina. The genital area (vulva) is often very itchy, and there is
    frequently pain with urination or with sexual intercourse. The labia (lips) of the vagina, the vagina
    itself, and the cervix (the narrowed, lowest segment of the uterus which extends into the upper part
    of the vagina) will be bright red and irritated.

    • In men, there are usually no symptoms at all. Occasionally, a man will notice a small amount of
    yellowish discharge from his penis, usually first thing in the morning. There may be some mild
    discomfort while urinating.
    • T. vaginalis is a pear-shaped organism
    that propels itself with four whip-like
    flagella that protrude from its front end.
    A fifth flagellum, attached to an
    undulating membrane, extends
    rearward.

    • A barbed tail, called an axostyle, projects


    from the trailing end of T. vaginalis.
    Trichomonads attach themselves to
    tissue with their axostyles, and that this
    causes some of the irritation and
    inflamation associated with a
    trichomoniasis infection.
    • Two other species of trichomonads infect
    humans: T. tenax and Pentatrichomonas
    hominis.

    • Trichomonads multiply via binary fission. 


    • Long-term Effects in Women

    – Trichomoniasis is a curable disease; however, if left untreated, it may affect the carrier in some
    unusual ways. In the case of women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can
    affect a woman's child-bearing ability and cause pregnant women to give birth prematurely. The
    baby born is likely to weigh less than five pounds in women who contain this parasite. There is
    also an increased chance of HIV infection if they have unprotected sex with someone who is HIV-
    infected.

    – Also, trichomoniasis has been associated with herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) acquisition and it has been
    associated with a two-fold increased risk of cervical neoplasia.

    • Long-term Effects in Men

    – In men, Trichomoniasis can be the cause of urine canal, as well as prostate gland infections---an
    unusual infection area regarding men and STDs. The symptoms may stay indefinitely, and carriers
    can pass it to their partners.

    *In both women and men, trichomoniasis is a risk factor for HIV and contributes
    to infertility.

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