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    Chapter 2 The Human Acts

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    Michael Magnase
    Human acts are voluntary actions that are performed knowingly, freely, and willfully by a person. They require intention and consent. Acts can be either elicited acts of the will or commanded acts that involve bodily movement. Acts are considered moral, immoral, or amoral based on their conformity to moral norms. For an act to be imputable to a person, it must be performed voluntarily with understanding of the action and intention of its consequences. A person can be responsible not just for intended consequences but also indirectly intended consequences if they could foresee the effect and had an obligation to avoid it.

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    Chapter 2 The Human Acts

    Uploaded by

    Michael Magnase
    255 views31 pages
    Human acts are voluntary actions that are performed knowingly, freely, and willfully by a person. They require intention and consent. Acts can be either elicited acts of the will or commanded acts that involve bodily movement. Acts are considered moral, immoral, or amoral based on their conformity to moral norms. For an act to be imputable to a person, it must be performed voluntarily with understanding of the action and intention of its consequences. A person can be responsible not just for intended consequences but also indirectly intended consequences if they could foresee the effect and had an obligation to avoid it.

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    Chapter 2 the Human Acts

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    Human acts are voluntary actions that are performed knowingly, freely, and willfully by a person. They require intention and consent. Acts can be either elicited acts of the will or commanded acts that involve bodily movement. Acts are considered moral, immoral, or amoral based on their conformity to moral norms. For an act to be imputable to a person, it must be performed voluntarily with understanding of the action and intention of its consequences. A person can be responsible not just for intended consequences but also indirectly intended consequences if they could foresee the effect and had an obligation to avoid it.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    255 views31 pages

    Chapter 2 The Human Acts

    Uploaded by

    Michael Magnase
    Human acts are voluntary actions that are performed knowingly, freely, and willfully by a person. They require intention and consent. Acts can be either elicited acts of the will or commanded acts that involve bodily movement. Acts are considered moral, immoral, or amoral based on their conformity to moral norms. For an act to be imputable to a person, it must be performed voluntarily with understanding of the action and intention of its consequences. A person can be responsible not just for intended consequences but also indirectly intended consequences if they could foresee the effect and had an obligation to avoid it.

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    of 31

    LESSON RECAP

    The Human
    Acts
    What are Human Acts?

    What are Acts of Man?


    Human acts are those
    actions which man
    performs knowingly,
    freely, and voluntarily.

    HUMAN ACTS OF
    VS
    ACTS MAN

    Acts of man are


    actions which happen in
    man. They are instinctive
    and are not within the
    control of the will.
    Essential Attributes of a Human Act
    1. Knowing – A person must be fully aware of what
    they are doing.

    2. Free – A person must be free to choose his actions


    without anyone dictating what he should do.

    3. Willful – A person must do it willfully.


    Kinds of Human
    Acts

    Human acts are


    Wish Use
    either elicited acts or
    commanded acts.
    Elicited acts are those
    Intentio
    performed by the will
    n Election
    and are not bodily
    externalized. The
    following are examples
    of elicited acts: Consent Fruition
    Is the enjoyment of the will derived from the attainment of
    the thing desired earlier. Fruition
    Use is the command of the will to make use of those
    means election to carry out the intention. Use
    The selection of the will of those means
    effective enough to carry out the intention. Election

    Consent The acceptance of the will of those needed to carry out


    the intention.
    Intentio
    The tendency of the will towards something attainable
    n but without necessarily committing oneself to attain it.

    Wish The tendency of will towards something, whether


    this be realizable or not.
    Moral Distinctions

    Moral Actions Immoral Actions Amoral Actions


    Moral Distinctions
    Moral Actions

    are those actions


    which are in
    conformity with the
    norm of morality.
    They are good
    actions and are
    permissible.
    Moral Distinctions
    Immoral Actions

    actions which are


    not in conformity
    with the norm of
    morality. They are
    bad or evil are not
    permissible.
    Moral Distinctions
    Amoral Actions

    Actions that stand


    neutral in the
    relation to the norm
    of morality. They are
    neither good or bad
    in themselves.
    INTRINSIC EXTRINSIC
    EVIL EVIL

    The relation of actions to the norm of morality is either intrinsic


    or extrinsic. Something is Intrinsic to a thing when it is integral to a
    thing.
    Imputability of Human Acts
    Who should be blamed for the incident?
    Imputability of Human
    Acts
    A human act is done by a The imputability of human
    person who is in control of his acts means that the person
    faculties: intellect and will. In performing the acts is liable of
    this sense, a person is like the such acts. It involves the notion
    captain of a ship who assumes of guilt or innocence. Thus,
    for accountability and actions are either praiseworthy
    responsibility for his decisions. or blameworthy. Actions are
    attributed to the doer as their
    principal cause.
    Sanctions and
    Penalties
    Imputability implies that
    the does is either
    deserving of reward or
    punishment. This is a
    basic requirement of
    justice.
    Voluntariness

    Voluntariness come from the


    Latin word “Volunias”, referring to
    the will. Voluntariness is essential to
    an act. Without it, an act is a mere
    act of man. We distinguish between
    perfect and imperfect, and
    conditional and voluntariness.
    Perfect Voluntariness

    Present in the person who fully


    knows and fully intends an act.
    Imperfect
    Voluntariness

    Present in an action who acts


    w/o fully realizing what he means to
    do or without fully intending the
    act.
    Conditional
    Voluntariness

    Present in the person who is


    force by the circumstances beyond
    his control to perform an act w/c he
    would not do under normal
    condition.
    Simple Voluntariness

    Present in a person doing an act


    willful, regardless of whether he
    likes to do it or not. It is either
    positive or negative.
    Types of
    Voluntariness

    Direct Indirect
    Voluntariness Involuntariness
    Accompanies an act Accompanies an act
    which is primarily or situation which is
    intended by the doer, the mere result of
    as a means to directly willed act.
    achieve something
    else.
    Indirect
    Involuntariness

    A person is accountable for his actions and their


    consequences. But is he also accountable for the results not
    intended?
    Imputability of Human Acts
    (Not intended result)

    People panicking resulting


    into a stamped that injured
    many people

    (Human Act) (Intention)

    Pushing the fire alarm as a Scare students and teachers


    prank as a joke.
    The following should be present in order for a person to be
    accountable for indirectly voluntary results
    1. The doer is able to foresee the evil or effect at least in a general
    way;

    2. The doer is free to refrain from doing that which would produce the
    foreseen result;

    3. The doer has moral obligation not to do so that which produces an


    evil effect.
    Man, no doubt is creative because he
    possess tremendous bodily and spiritual
    powers. Every minute of his life, he acts,
    transforming himself and the world around
    him. Action constitutes a person, an individual
    in controlling himself and accountable to
    himself. What a person is and what becomes of
    him depend largely on the type of actions he
    performs during his life-time.
    - - Agapay,
    Ramon
    END OF DISCUSSION

    THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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