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Metal Machining and Automation (ME 3201)

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Metal Machining and Automation

(ME 3201)

PRESENTED BY

D R . S A N N D H YA R A N I B I S WA S
A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R
D E PA R T M E N T O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G
NIT ROURKELA
Email: srb@nitrkl.ac.in
Machining Processes Click to add text

 Most of the engineering components such as gears, bearings,


clutches, tools, screws and nuts etc. need dimensional and form
accuracy and good surface finish for serving their purposes. 
 Preforming like casting, forging etc. generally cannot provide the
desired accuracy and finish. For that such preformed parts, called
blanks, need semi-finishing and finishing and it is done by
machining and grinding.
 The secondary operation are mainly necessary when a very close
dimensional accuracy is required, or some such shape is desired
to be produced which is not possible through primary operations. 
 Machining: Removal of material from a part in the form of
chips so as to attain a final desired shape and size.
Machining Processes

 These operations require the use of one or more machine tools,


various types of cutting tools and cutters, work and tool holding
devices, marking and measuring instruments, testing devices etc. of
which a combined application leads to the desired dimensional
control.
 The common machining performed for this purpose are the
following:
(1) Turning (2) Drilling (3) Milling (4) Grinding (5) Planning (6)
Shaping (7) Slotting (8) Sawing (9) Broaching
Machining by Cutting
Main Elements of Machining by Cutting
Machining Process Selection

Selecting a machining process for producing a specific


component made from certain material depends on many
factors that include the following:
 Part shape
 Part size
 Part material
 Dimensional and geometric features
 Surface texture
 Production quantity
 Production cost
 Environmental impacts
Machine Tools

A machine tool is a power-driven machine, capable


of holding and supporting the work and tool and at
the same time directing and guiding the cutting tool
or job or both to perform various metal cutting
operations for providing different shapes and sizes.
Functions of Machine Tools

To hold and support the workpiece to be machined


To hold and support the cutting tool 
To provide requisite motion to the workpiece, tool or
both
To regulate the cutting speed and feed of the tool and
workpiece.
To hold various attachments for different operations
Classification of Machine Tools

According to the geometrical shapes of the


workpiece
According to the purpose of use
According to the degree of automation
According to the size
According to configuration
According to the geometrical shapes of the workpiece

 Machine tools for machining flat surfaces (shapers,


planers)
 Machine tools for machining cylindrical surfaces (lathes)
 Machine tools for making holes (drilling machines)
 Machine tools for machining profiles (milling, hobbing
machine tools)
According to purpose of use

General purpose machine tools: which can perform


various operations on work piece of different shapes
and sizes.
Single purpose machine tools: which can perform
single operation on work pieces of a particular shape
and different sizes and
Special machine tools: which can perform a single
operation on work piece of particular shape and size.
Generally, for mass production.
According to degree of automation

Non-automatic
Semi-automatic
Automatic
According to configuration

Horizontal machines
Vertical machines

Click to add text


According to size

Heavy duty
Medium duty
Small/light duty

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