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    Deflection of Beams Part 3-Macaulay's Method

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    Cholwe Essau Mbilima

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    Deflection of Beams Part 3-Macaulay's Method

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    Cholwe Essau Mbilima
    52 views17 pages

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    52 views17 pages

    Deflection of Beams Part 3-Macaulay's Method

    Uploaded by

    Cholwe Essau Mbilima

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PART 3: DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

    (MACAULAY’S METHOD)
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Macaulay’s method (Introduction)

    • To determine the slope and deflection of a beam, the bending-


    moment distribution for a beam with discontinuous loading has to
    be found for each part of the beam
    • From the double integration method, the slope and deflection will
    therefore have to be found for each bending –moment expression
    and the two constants would result for each section of the beam
    • However, at the points of discontinuity both slope and deflection
    must be continuous from one section to the next

    2
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Macaulay’s method (Introduction)

    • Going by double integration, the method would be tedious to find


    the slope and deflection since two integral constants will need to
    be found for each section of the beam considered.
    • Therefore, it becomes advantageous to use the mathematical
    technique called Macaulay's method since only two constants are
    needed to find the solution for any section on the beam.
    • In this approach, one bending-moment expression is written for a
    point close to the right- hand end to cover the bending- moment
    conditions for the whole length of the beam

    3
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Macaulay’s method

    • Singularity functions (Macaulay’s method) are closely related to


    the unit step functions used in transient analysis in electrical
    circuits
    • They are used herein for writing one bending moment equation
    which is applicable to the whole beam.

    4
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Definition
    • A singularity function is an expression for written as , where is
    any integer (positive or negative) including zero, and is a constant
    equal to the value of at the initial boundary of a specific interval
    along the beam

    5
    Deflection of beams

    Properties of singularity functions


    • From definition, for

    • Selected properties which are applicable to the beam deflection


    are shown in the following slides

    6
    Deflection of beams

    Selected properties of singularity functions

    7
    Deflection of beams

    Selected properties of singularity functions

    Integration and differentiation

    • when

    • when

    8
    Deflection of beams
    Application of singularity function in developing bending moment

    • At section

    This expression is true for all


    values of between and .
    • At section

    The value is true for between


    and .

    9
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section

    Macaulay’s method
    • At section

    This expression is true for between and


    • At any section in general, the bending
    moment is given by;

    10
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section

    Macaulay’s method
    Integrating,

    Slope

    11
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Macaulay’s method

    The following points are with noting:


    • The constant of integration C1 should
    be written after the first term of the
    above equation.
    • The quantity should be integrated
    as and not .

    12
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Macaulay’s method
    • Similarly, the quantity should be
    integrated as a whole i.e.
    The constant C1 is valid for all values of .

    13
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Macaulay’s method
    Integrating equation,

    We get,

    Deflection

    14
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Macaulay’s method

    It should be further noted that:


    • has been integrated to and to

    15
    Deflection of beams
    Slope and deflection at any section
    Macaulay’s method • Constant C2 is written after C1 . The
    constant C2 is valid for all values of .
    If the end conditions(boundary conditions)
    are known, the constants C1 and C2 can be
    evaluated.

    16
    Deflection of beams

    Macaulay’s method

    17

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