5G RAN2.

1 NSA/SA Architecture Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

5G Networking Options

SA/NSA Definition (38.801)

Non-standalone NR: A deployment configuration where the gNB requires an LTE eNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to EPC, or an eLTE
eNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to NGC.
Non-standalone E-UTRA: A deployment configuration where the eLTE eNB requires a gNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to NGC.

Non-standalone NR: LTE/eLTE as control plane anchor Standalone NR: NR as control plane anchor

Option 3 Option 3a Option 3x Option 4 Option 4a

EPC EPC EPC NGC NGC

S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

LTE NR LTE NR LTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR

Option 7 Option 7a Option 7x Option 2

NGC NGC NGC NGC
NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

eLTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR NR

Signaling anchor Data split point

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR 2
5G Networking Options

SA/NSA Definition (38.801)

EN-DC Model EUTRA-NEW RADIO Dual Connectivity Model: NSA sees the existing LTE architecture augmented with the addition of a 5G radio
carrier. gNB is working as Secondary node in EN-DC model. Based on the dual connectivity.
EN-DC utilized the End to End LTE system with the addition of gNB.
EN-DC USER PLANE CONNECTIVTY: There are 4 different E-RAB configuration that we can potentially have with EN-DC.

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR 3
5G Networking Options
SA/NSA Definition

Protocol Stack of EN-DC as per Network Perspective & UE perspective.

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR 4
SA (Standalone)

 5G SA networking will use the standard 5G RAN and Next

NGC Generation Core (NGC) to provide all 5G services such as eMBB,
AMF/UPF AMF/UPF URLLC, mMTC, and eV2X.

 Based on the 3GPP Release 15 protocols, the SA architecture is

supported by the service-oriented core (SOC).
 New interfaces: Uu/NG/Xn
NG-RAN  New QoS architecture: QoS-flow-based QoS architecture (SDAP layer and
gNB gNB
Reflective QoS)
 New RRC state management: RRC_INACTIVE
 Mobility, VoIP, and CA/DC mechanisms for SA only
gNB  gNodeB relationships in NSA architecture and SA architecture
(From 38.300)  E2E slice architecture

A new coverage network (new RAN and new core network) supports differentiated services of 5G.

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New Interfaces (Uu Interface Channel Model) Downlink Physical Channel and
Signal
Function

SS Synchronization signal Time-frequency synchronization, and cell search

RRCRecfg/ Physical broadcast

RRCSetupReq/ PBCH Carries system broadcast messages.
RRCResume channel
MIB RRCResumeReq
Physical downlink control Transmits control signaling such as uplink and
PDCCH
RRCRecfgCmp/ channel downlink scheduling and power control.
RRCSetup/
Paging SIB1/SI RRCReject MeasReport Physical downlink shared
PDSCH Carries downlink user data.
channel

Logical Demodulation reference Downlink data demodulation, and time-frequency

DMRS
signal synchronization
Channels
PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH Phase tracking reference
PT-RS Downlink phase noise tracking and compensation
signal

Channel state Downlink channel measurement, beam

CSI-RS information-reference management, RRM/RLM measurement, and
signal refined time-frequency tracing 等

Transport
Channels
Uplink Physical Channel and Signal Function
PCH BCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH
Physical random access
PRACH User random access request information
channel

L1/L2 control signaling, such as HARQ

Physical uplink control
PUCCH feedback, CQI feedback, and scheduling
channel
request indication

DMRS DMRS DMRS Physical uplink shared

DMRS PUSCH Carries uplink user data.
channel
Physical PT-RS PT-RS
Channels Demodulation reference Uplink data demodulation, and time-frequency
PDCCH PDSCH PUSCH PUCCH DMRS
PSS SSS CSI-RS PBCH SRS PRACH signal synchronization

Phase tracking reference

PT-RS Uplink phase noise tracking and compensation
signal
Uplink channel measurement, time-frequency
SRS Sounding reference signal
synchronization, and beam management
Msg1 Msg2

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Physical Channel
Downlink Physical Channel/Signal Function

SS Synchronization Signal Used for time-frequency synchronization and cell search.

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries system information to be broadcast.

Transmits control signaling, such as signaling for uplink
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
and downlink scheduling and power control.
Downlink Uplink
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Carries downlink user data.
Used for downlink data demodulation and time-frequency
DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal
Physical Physical Physical Physical synchronization.
Channel Signal Channel Signal PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal Tracks and compensates downlink phase noise.
Used for downlink channel measurement, beam
Channel State Information Reference
CSI-RS management, RRM/RLM measurement, and refined time-
Signal
PBCH PSS/SSS PRACH DMRS frequency tracking.

Uplink Physical Channel/Signal Function

PRACH Physical Random Access Channel Carries random access request information.
PDCCH DMRS PUCCH PT-RS
Transmits L1/L2 control signaling, such as signaling for
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel HARQ feedback, CQI feedback, and scheduling request
indicator.
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel Carries uplink user data.
PDSCH PT-RS PUSCH SRS
Used for uplink data demodulation and time-frequency
DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal
synchronization.
PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal Tracks and compensates uplink phase noise.
CSI-RS Used for uplink channel measurement, time-frequency
SRS Sounding Reference Signal
synchronization, and beam management.

Compared with LTE, NR removes the PHICH, PCFICH, and CRS, adds the PT-RS, and enhances the DMRS and CSI-RS.
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
NR Physical Channels: Application Scenarios & Processes

gNodeB
 Physical channels involved in cell search Preamble Msg3
(PRACH) (PUSCH)
– PSS/SSS -> PBCH -> PDCCH -> PDSCH RMSI ... RAR Msg4
PSS/SSS MIB (PDCCH, (PDCCH, (PDCCH,
(PBCH) PDSCH) PDSCH) PDSCH)
UE
 Physical channels involved in random access HARQ excluded HARQ included
from RAR in Msg4
– PRACH -> PDCCH -> PDSCH -> PUSCH
Cell search Random access
 Physical channels involved in downlink data transmission gNodeB
CSI ACK/NACK
– PDCCH -> PDSCH -> PUCCH/PUSCH (PUCCH/ (PUCCH/
... PUSCH) Data PUSCH) Data ... Paging
CSI-RS (PDCCH, (PDCCH, (PDCCH,
PDSCH) PDSCH) PDSCH)
 Physical channels involved in uplink data transmission UE
– PUCCH -> PDCCH -> PUSCH Downlink data transmission

gNodeB
SRS SR BSR/Data BSR/Data
(PUCCH) (PUSCH) (PUSCH)
... UL Grant ACK/NACK
(PDCCH) (PDCCH)
UE
Uplink data transmission

Physical channels in NR and LTE are used almost in the same way.
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
RS Design

LTE RS Function NR RS
 LTE RS design: Focus on the CRS
Coarse Timing/Frequency
SS SS (PSS/SSS) SS (PSS/SSS) SS – All RSs are bound to the cell IDs.
Tracking
– CSI-RS was introduced in 3GPP Release 10 but few UEs
Fine Timing/Frequency Tracking CSI-RS (TRS) support the CSI-RS.
CRS Demodulation for PBCH DMRS for PBCH  NR RS design: CRS free, RS function reassembly
CRS
Demodulation for PDCCH DMRS for PDCCH
– All RSs except for the PSS/SSS/PBCH are decoupled from
the cell ID.
CRS, DMRS Demodulation for PDSCH DMRS for PDSCH DMRS – Beamformed PSSs/SSSs are transmitted in a narrow
DMRS for Demodulation for DMRS for beam.
DMRS PUCCH/PUSCH PUCCH/PUSCH PUCCH/PUSCH – DMRS demodulation applies to both PDCCH and PDSCH.
CRS RRM CSI-RS, SSB – Enhancements are made to the DMRS type, port quantity,
CSI-RS CSI-RS and configuration.
CRS, CSI-RS, SRS Channel State Information
CSI-RS, SRS
– CSI-RS pattern and configurations are enhanced for RRM,
SRS Beam Management (NR new CSI acquisition, beam management, and refined time-
\ SRS
function) frequency tracking.
Phase Noise Tracking (NR new – PT-RS is added for phase noise tracking on high frequency
\ PT-RS
function) PT-RS bands.

Compared with LTE, NR removes the CRS and reassembles and enhances RS functions.
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New Interfaces (Uu Interface Protocol Stack and Function Description)
Uu-C Interface Scenario
TS 38.300/38.331 Network search &
System information broadcast: AS and NAS information
UE gNB AMF camping
NAS NAS
UE calling Paging initiated by the core network or gNodeB
RRC RRC
Signaling plane
RRC connection setup, management, and release
PDCP PDCP setup

RLC RLC Authentication and NAS transparent transmission: identity authentication between
interaction UEs and the CN, security, and others
MAC MAC Uu-C
User plane setup SRB and DRB setup, configuration, and release
PHY PHY

Mobility management
Anytime and
UE measurement control and report
Uu-U anywhere (wireless)
TS 38.323/38.322/38.321, 37.324 Radio link detection and recovery
UE gNB
Air interface security Security mechanism
SDAP SDAP
QoS flow control (SDAP layer)
PDCP PDCP
Header compression, sorting, integrity protection, and encryption
RLC RLC protection (PDCP layer)
Uu-U Data transmission
MAC MAC Segmentation and retransmission (RLC layer)
PHY PHY Scheduling, multiplexing, and HARQ retransmission (MAC layer)

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New RRC State Management

 If a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode does not

RRC_CONNECTED
transmit data for a period of time, the UE enters
• UE context management the RRC_INACTIVE mode.
NR
• Data transmission  If the UE in RRC_INACTIVE mode needs to
RRC CONNECTED
• Measurement control and initiate data transmission, the UE transits to
RRC_CONNECTED mode through the RRC
mobility management
FFS/Connection connection resume procedure.
inactivation RRCResume
RRCRelease  If the UE in RRC_INACTIVE mode does not
transmit data for a period of time, the UE enters
NR RRCRelease RRC_IDLE mode.
RRCSetup
(suspend)
RRC INACTIVE
Connection
RRC_IDLE RRC_INACTIVE
establishment/release
• PLMN selection
FFS • PLMN selection
RRCRelease • System information broadcast
• System information broadcast
• Cell-reselection-based mobility
NR • Cell-reselection-based mobility
• RAN paging
RRC_IDLE • 5GC paging
• UE context management

(From 38.804) (From 38.300)

NR vs. LTE: The introduced RRC_INACTIVE mode features shorter access delay (compared with RRC_IDLE mode) and more power-efficient (compared with RRC_CONNECTED mode).
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
SA Architecture

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
RAN Functions
User Plane Processing
PDU PDU
Transfer of User Data
SDAP SDAP GTP-U GTP-U
Ciphering & deciphering
gNB or ng-eNB AMF SMF PDCP PDCP UDP UDP
Integrity protection
RLC RLC IP IP
MAC Header compression
Inter Cell RRM NAS Security UE IP address MAC L2 L2
PHY L1 …
allocation PHY L1
RB Control
Idle State Mobility
Handling PDU Session
Connection Mobility Cont.
Control gNB(CU/DU) NGC(AMF/SMF/UPF)
Radio Admission Control NG-U
UPF UU
NG-C
Measurement
Configuration & Provision Mobility Anchoring Control Plane Processing
System Information
Dynamic Resource Paging
Allocation (Scheduler) PDU Handling
Conn Setup & Release
internet NAS NAS
Distribution of NAS message
RRC RRC NGAP NGAP
Session Management
PDCP PDCP SCTP SCTP
NG-RAN 5GC Contacting UE in Inactive Mode
RLC RLC IP IP
Handover
MAC MAC L2 L2
(From 38.300) …
PHY PHY L1 L1

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process Overview
UE gNB AMF eNB MME

DN
System Information

Initial Paging
Access

NGC EPC Random access

N26
RRC connection
RRC establishment
NG NG NG
Connection NG-C signaling connection &
Management Initial UE context establishment
Xn

gNB gNB gNB eNB Radio bearer management

Session PDU session setup

Management
PDU Session & UE context release
Initial UU
Access

IntraRAT HO based Xn
IntraRAT HO IntraRAT HO
InterRAT HO Mobility
based Xn based NG IntraRAT HO based NG
Management
UE
InterRAT HO

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: System Information Broadcast (Introduction)
System Information Introduction System Information Classes
Huawei
Class Subclass Content Sending Mode
Planning
WHY
Initial access information (including the system frame number, subcarrier spacing,
The UE obtains the basic network information through MIB Periodic broadcast 18B
and SSB offset) and RMSI capturing method information.
the system information broadcast process, and
Also called SIB1. It provides mandatory information for UEs to access the network,
therefore camps on the network and initiates a call.
including:
 AS information: includes common channel MSI
 Cell selection information
information, timers required by some UEs, cell RMSI  Cell access information (PLMN, TAC, and Cell ID) Periodic broadcast 19B
selection/reselection information, and neighboring  SI scheduling information (SI period, window size, and SIB mapping)
cell information.  Cell configuration information (band, frequency, bandwidth, and initial BWP channel

 NAS information: includes operator information. configuration)

Cell reselection parameters, including intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT Periodic or on-demand
SIB2 19B
reselection parameters broadcast
WHEN Periodic or on-demand
SIB3 Intra-frequency neighboring cell information 19B
broadcast
 Cell selection (for example, power-on) Periodic or on-demand
SIB4 Inter-frequency neighboring cell information 20A
broadcast
 Cell reselection
Periodic or on-demand
SIB5 Inter-RAT (E-UTRAN) neighboring cell information 19B
 Incoming handover broadcast
OSI
Periodic or on-demand
 Incoming inter-RAT handover SIB6 ETWS notification To be planned
broadcast
 Return to the coverage area after disconnection Periodic or on-demand
SIB7 ETWS supplementary notification To be planned
broadcast
 System information update Periodic or on-demand
SIB8 Commercial mobile alert system (CMAS) To be planned
 broadcast
System information beyond the validity period
Periodic or on-demand
SIB9 GPS timing 20A
(three hours) broadcast

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: System Information Broadcast (Signaling)
Signaling Process Message Routing (Channel Mapping)

@gNB
SIB1/
Send sync signal
MIB SI
Logical
Power on and search for cells BCCH Channels
@UE
Obtain DL clock sync and cell IDs

MIB carries a
parameter @gNB Transport
Broadcast MIB
instructing the UE
MasterInformationBlock Channels
to capture SIB1. BCH DL-SCH RACH
Receive and parse PBCH
Obtain timing info and SS/PBCH block index @UE
SystemInformationBlock1
SIB1 carries a Obtain time-frequency info for broadcasting SIB1
parameter indicating DMRS
periodic or on- DMRS Physical
PT-RS
demand broadcast
PRACHChannels
SystemInformation messages @gNB PSS PDCCH PDSCH
for other SI. Broadcast SIB1 SSS PBCH
(Periodic)

Receive SIB1
Obtain basic access info @UE PSS/SSS:
SystemInformation Request
Obtain OSI sending method info  Performs downlink synchronization, including clock synchronization, frame
synchronization, and symbol synchronization.
SystemInformation messages  Obtains the cell ID.
(On Request) Broadcast OSI @gNB PBCH:
 Broadcasts the system frame number (SFN), SSB Index, and RMSI time-frequency
domain information.
Receive OSI  The combination of the PBCH, PSS, and SSS is called SSB block. The PSS occupies
Obtain mobility info @UE four consecutive symbols in the time domain and 20 RBs in the frequency domain. The
modulation mode is QPSK.
 The period is 80 ms.

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: Random Access
CBRA
CFRA

PDCCH Order or RRCRecfg

1. SIB1 (Assign Dedicated Preamble)
RA preamble resource
1 2 3 ..
2. Acquire PRACH resource
MSG1(Preamble)
configuration UE UE PRACH
#1 #2

3. Transmit PRACH MSG2(RAR)

Preamble with RA-RNTI PDCCH&PDSCH

4. MSG1(Preamble,RA-RNTI)
PRACH
RAR No. Triggered Event RA Sponsor
5. Send DCI format 1_0
Window with RA-RNTI, allocation 1 RRC Setup CBRA UE
resource for RAR T1 T2 T3 T4
6. MSG2(TC-RNTI,TA,UL-Grant) time 2 RRC Reestablish CBRA UE
PDCCH&PDSCH
MSG1 MSG2 MSG4 3 RRC Resume CBRA UE
7. MSG3(UEID) (RAPID=2) MSG3 (ueid=1)
(ueid=1) HO gNB RRC
PUSCH 4 CFRA or CBRA
U (SA and EN-DC) signaling
E#
time
8. Send DCI format 1_0 1 DL Data arrival when CFRA or CBRA gNB PDCCH
CR MSG3 5
with TC-RNTI, allocation “non-synchronized” order
Timer
resource for CR (ueid=2)
UL Data arrival when
6 CBRA UE
9. MSG4(UEID, …) “non-synchronized”
UE
PDCCH&PDSCH time MSG1:CFRA
#2 CR Timer 7 ODOSI UE
MSG3:CBRA
10. MSG5
PDCCH&PDSCH
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR 8 Beam recovery CBRA or CFRA UE
Signaling Process: RRC Connection Management

RRC SDAP SDAP

SRB0 4 SRB1 SRB2 DRB1 DRB2 DRB3

1. MSG1
RRC:------------------------------------
RA 2. MSG2 ue-Identity PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP
establishmentCause

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC

RRC:------------------------------------
3. RRCSetupRequest RadioBearerConfig
srb-ToAddModList CCCH DCCH DCCH DTCH DTCH DTCH
(on SRB0)
srb-Identity
pdcp-Config
RRC 3.1. UE context masterCellGroup MAC
Setup setup rlc-BearerToAddModList
logicalChannelIdentity RACH DL-SCH UL-SCH
srb-Identity 2
3.2. Admission and rlc-Config
SRB1 resource mac-LogicalChannelConfig
allocation mac-CellGroupConfig
PRACH PDCCH/PDSCH PUCCH/PUSCH
drx-Config
4. RRCSetup schedulingRequestConfig
(on SRB0) bsr-Config
physicalCellGroupConfig 3
…
5. RRCSetupComplete
1 5
(on SRB1)

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
SA and NSA Co-existence: Data Flows

SA/NSA dual-mode UE
Which cell is selected for UE access when the NR SA cell and EN-DC cell are in the same coverage
MME S-GW AMF UPF
area? Depends on the implementation of the UE.
 Huawei UE: searches for 5G signals first. If SA service attempts fail, it searches for 4G signals and
tries NSA services.
 Huawei CPE: searches for 4G signals first. If NSA service attempts fail, it searches for 5G signals
and tries SA services.

SA/NSA dual-mode cell (base station)

Set the SA/NSA networking mode based on the PLMN granularity within the base station. One cell
allows access of both SA and NSA UEs.
 The operator networking mode is set to NSA+SA. UEs in different modes in the same PLMN are
allowed to perform different services after network access.
 In MOCN scenarios, two operators share a network, and the networking mode is set to NSA and
eNB gNB#1 gNB#2
SA, respectively. UEs of different operators are allowed to perform different services after network
access (temporarily not supported in 19B).

5G 5G 5G
Service switch between SA and NSA
Signaling plane #0 #1 #2 Implemented through inter-RAT handover or redirection
User plane (NSA UE) (SA UE) (SA UE)  SA > NSA: through N2L inter-RAT handover or redirection
 NSA > SA: through L2N redirection (L2N inter-RAT handover temporarily not supported in 19B)

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Technical Comparison

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
 Current Project Summary

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Project Summary:
 654 sites antenna swap ongoing for refarming
 About 250 sites antenna swap completed

Responsibility
 Responsible for KPIs for 2G, 3G and LTE after antenna Swap
 Meet the KPIs targets (Same as before antenna Swap or better)
 GSM: New Antenna Swap sites KPIs analysis and action plan for any dip
 UMTS: New Antenna Swap sites KPIs analysis and action plan for any dip
 LTE: New Antenna Swap sites KPIs analysis and action plan for any dip
 Traffic Analysis for 2G, 3G and LTE after antenna Swap
 Site Audit report check if required
 Supporting for 2G, 3G and LTE KPIs and Traffic for old cases analysis & solution
 VIP Customer Complain Handling

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
 Thank you
www.huawei.com

Copyright©2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and
operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to
differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and
constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR