Introduction To Gas Laws Cut Version

Introduction to
Gas Laws
Heather Henchen
Sci 430
Key Concept: Performance indicator 3.4, Standard 6
To use the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain

rates of reactions and the relationships among
temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.
What do we want to understand?
What are the behaviors/properties of gases?
The concept that an ideal gas law is a model to explain

gas behavior.
How does changing a variable such as pressure,

volume or temperature affect a gas?
Kinetic molecular theory:
The kinetic molecular theory of gases describes a gas
as a large number of small particles (atoms or
molecules).
These particles are in constant, random motion.
The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with

each other and with the walls of the container.
As temperature increases, gas particles move faster.

What we should know:
A real gas is most like an ideal gas.
What is an ideal gas?
A gas that strictly obeys Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law.
All gases share some common properties.

Common properties of gases
Gas molecules are in constant, rapid motion.
Gas molecules are separated by relatively large

distances (on a molecular scale).
Therefore:
 gases have smaller densities than liquids or solids
 gases are compressible
 gases mix easily with each other
Common properties of gases cont..
A sample of gas retains neither volume or shape- in
other words, gases expand to occupy the available
volume and they take the shape of the container that
holds them.
Gas molecules collide with the walls of the container

which holds them, thus creating pressure.
(Remember that pressure is force per unit area)

Boyles Law
The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the
pressure at constant temperature and number of
moles.
V1 P1 = V2 P2
Charles’ Law
The volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to
the absolute temperature of the gas at constant
temperature and pressure.
V1/T1 =V2/T2
Avogadro's Law
The volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to
the number of moles of the gas at constant
temperature and pressure.
V1/n1 =V2/n2
Avogadro's theory
Gases-
Equal volumes at the same temperature and pressure
have the same number of molecules.
 1 mole has 6.02 x 10^23 molecules
 1 mole occupies a volume of 22.4 L

 (at standard temperature and pressure)
1 mole of any gas at 273 K (0_C) and 1 atm has a volume of 22.4 L
Combined gas law (constant number of moles)
The combined gas law combines Charles’ Law,
Boyle’s Law, and Gay-Lussac's law.
The combined gas law states that:
“ The ratio between the pressure-volume product and
the temperature of a system remains constant”
(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2
Ideal gas law
The ideal gas law is the equation of state of a
hypothetical idea gas. If we look at Boyle’s, Charles’,
and Avogadro's Laws: they have a relationship which
show how the volume of gas depends on pressure,
temperature, and number of gas moles present.
Ideal Gas law continued….
Combining these laws the following formula occurs:
V= R (Tn/P) R= is the universal gas constant
( R = 0.08205 L atm/mol K.
The preceding equation can be arranged to form the

ideal gas law: P: atmospheres
T: Kelvin
PV=nRT V: liters
n: moles
PV=nRT
The ideal gas law is an equation state for gas, where
the state of the gas is its condition at the given time.
A particular state of a gas is described by its pressure,

volume, temperature, and number of moles.
Knowledge of any three of these properties is enough

to completely define the state of a gas
 (since the fourth property can be determined from the equation for the ideal gas law).
Questions:
What is the relationship between volume and
temperature? Is it directly or inversely proportional?
Which law illustrates this?
What is the relationship between pressure and

volume? Is it directly or inversely proportional?
Which law illustrates this?
Activity Stations:
Proceed to an activity station.
Use flashcards to figure out which law to use.
Remember to convert degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin

TK = TC + 273.15
Don’t forget:
P: atmospheres
T: Kelvin V: liters/ml n: moles
R = 0.08205 L atm/mol K
Works cited:
Houghton Mifflin company (1997). Textbook:
chemistry , Fourth addition. http.??
www2.yk.psu.edu/jhb3/co/cotw05.htm
Google images

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Introduction to

To use the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain

The concept that an ideal gas law is a model to explain

How does changing a variable such as pressure,

These particles are in constant, random motion.

The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with

As temperature increases, gas particles move faster.

What is an ideal gas?

A gas that strictly obeys Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law.

All gases share some common properties.

Gas molecules are separated by relatively large

Gas molecules collide with the walls of the container

(Remember that pressure is force per unit area)

 1 mole has 6.02 x 10^23 molecules

 1 mole occupies a volume of 22.4 L

V= R (Tn/P) R= is the universal gas constant

The preceding equation can be arranged to form the

A particular state of a gas is described by its pressure,

Knowledge of any three of these properties is enough

What is the relationship between pressure and

Remember to convert degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin

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