Introduction To Pump & Its Classification

Wonji shoa Sugar Factory
Introduction To Pump and its

Classifications
What is Pump
 It is a Mechanical device that changes

mechanical energy to fluid energy by
increasing the pressure energy of the fluid
(Liquids or Gases).Generally pumps are used
to lift the fluid from low level to high level.
 It is a device that impart a Pressure increase
to a liquid.
 may be probably the second most common
machine in use, exceeded in numbers only by

the electric motor.
Cont....
 GenerallyPump does not create Pressure , It
only create flow.
 Pressure is a measurement of the resistance
to flow.
Classifications of Pumps
 classified as :
1.Centrifugal(Dynamic) Pump
2.Positive Displacement (Static)Pump
1.Centrifugal Pump
 produce a head or flow by increasing the velocity of
the liquid through the machine with the help of a

rotating vane of impeller.
 Classification of Centrifugal pumps
1) radial flow
2) axial flow and
3) mixed flow units.
 It is further classified as :
Cont….
a) End suction pumps
b) In-line pumps
c) Double suction pump
d) Vertical multistage pump
e) Horizontal multistage pump
f) Submersible pumps
g) Self-priming pumps
h) Regenerative pumps
Important parameter for Selecting
Centrifugal pump
1) Discharge to be delivered (Capacity)=m3/hr
2) Head to be delivered (Head)=meter
3) Impeller speed =rpm
4) Fluid to be pumped
5) Temperature of fluid to be pumped =C
6) Section and discharge diameter of the pump=mm
2.Positive Displacement Pump
 Fluid forced by successive cycle volume changes
or fluid displacement.
 Delivers a constant volume of liquid for each
cycle against varying discharge pressure or

head.
 Classification of Positive Displacement Pump
a) Reciprocating pumps-
b) Rotary pumps-
Cont……
a) Reciprocating pumps- piston, plunger &
diaphragm
 It is also known as a positive displacement
pump because the liquid pushed out of the
cylinder by the actual displacement of the
piston or plunger by changing circular motion
crank cause via the connecting rod.,back
b) Rotary pumps- Gear, lobe, screw, vane ..
 it is a positive displacement pump that
fluid is trapped in the space b/n the rotating
gear teeth and the casing and moved from the
inlet to out let
Working principle of gear pump
Dynamic pump
 Working principle of centrifugal pumps
Lobe Type Pump
 These are like gear pumps principle
Comprise two externally driven rotor.
-The shape of the two lobes is
epicycloids or hypocycloid or involutes
to ensure a seal between high
pressure region and the low pressure
region at all angular positions.
Lobe Type Pump
Sliding vane type rotary pump
Selecting Between The Two
Pumps
 Two types of pumps have differently
regarding pressure head & flow rate.
 The Centrifugal Pump has varying flow
depending on the system pressure or heads.

 The Positive Displacement Pump has more or
less a constant flow regardless of the system

pressure or head.
Cont…..
 Positive Displacement Pump generally gives
more Pressure than Centrifugal Pumps.
Capacity & Viscosity of the Two
Pumps
 In the Centrifugal Pumps the flow is reduced
when the viscosity is increased.
 In the Positive Displacement Pump the flow is
increased when the viscosity is increased.

Cont….
 Liquids with high viscosity fills the clearances
of a positive displacement pump causing a
higher volumetric efficiency, and
 positive displacement pump is better suited
for high viscosity application.

 A Centrifugal pump becomes very inefficient
at event modest viscosity.

Mechanical efficiency of the Two
Pumps
 The pumps behaves different consideration of
Mechanical efficiency.
 Changing the system pressure or head has
little or no effect on the flow rate in the

Positive displacement pump.
 Changing the system pressure or head has a
dramatic effect on the flow rate in the

Centrifugal pump
Net +ve suction Head of The 2
Pumps
 In Centrifugal Pump , NPSH varies as a
function of flow determined by Pressure.
 In Positive Displacement pump , NPSH varies
as a function of flow determined by Speed.

Pump Components
 Centrifugalpumps have two main parts:
1) A stationary Element
2) Rotating Element
 1) A stationary Element It is made up of
casing (housing), stuffing box, bearing, wear-
ring, gland...
 Casing: - to house the impellers and
bearings.
 Stuffing box- it is a seat of sealing (packing)
in a casing.
Bearing: –to support a rotating shaft without
any friction.
Cont….
 Wearing ring: - it is a ring made up of non-
ferrous metal (phosphor bronze, brass,---)
housed in the impeller casing to support
impeller hubs(shoulder) and it is also
designed to save the casing (inside), in a way
to take-over the wear age of housing by
wearing itself
Cont….
Gland: - it is straight (or threaded) shouldered
flange made to suite the gap between stuffing
box and the shaft in order to tight (damp) the
packing (sealing).
2) Rotating Element
 It is including: Shaft, Impeller, Shaft sleeve,
mechanical seal,bearing
Cont….
 Shaft: - It is rotating rod used to transmit a
power from an electro motor to any machine.
 Impeller: - It is also known as a rotor and on it
serious of curved vanes is fitted. Impeller is

mounted on a shaft which is driven by an electro
motor
 Shaft sleeve, Pump shafts are usually protected
from erosion, corrosion, and wear at stuffing

boxes, leakage joints, internal bearings, and in
the water ways by renewable sleeves.
Main Pump Components
IMPELLER
BEARING
SHAFT
CASING
Pump Components
CASING
IMPELLER
BEARING
COVER PLATE
BEARING HOUSING
SHAFT SLEEVE
SHAFT
LUBRICATION NIPPLE
BASE PLATE
Pump Components
COUPLING
CASING WEARING RING
OIL SEAL
GLAND
GLAND PACKING
WEAR RING
GLAND BUSH
IMPELLER NUT
RUBBER STARTER
IMPELLER KEY
LATERN RING
Pump Components
STUDUS
GRESES NIPPLE
SPLASH RING
BEARING COLLAR
BRACKET
PACKING
PLUGS
SLEEVE NUTS
PRIMING FUNNEL
COUPLING KEY
THANK YOU
!

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Wonji shoa Sugar Factory

Introduction To Pump and its

 It is a Mechanical device that changes

machine in use, exceeded in numbers only by

the liquid through the machine with the help of a

cycle against varying discharge pressure or

depending on the system pressure or heads.

less a constant flow regardless of the system

increased when the viscosity is increased.

for high viscosity application.

at event modest viscosity.

little or no effect on the flow rate in the

dramatic effect on the flow rate in the

as a function of flow determined by Speed.

serious of curved vanes is fitted. Impeller is

from erosion, corrosion, and wear at stuffing

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