Clarifier

Circular Clarifier
a. Equipment Description
Clarification process is to remove both soluble and insoluble impurities. Where the
clarification of the mixed juice in the sugar industry is achieved in a settler, known as a clarifier.
There will be two products separated, the clarified juice that would proceed to the heat exchanger,
and the sludge that was settled. which are obtained as an overflow and underflow, respectively.
The Equipment that would be used in the processing plant is the SRT (Short Retention
Time) Juice Clarifier is a single tray settler characterized by a short retention time that usually
ranges between 20 to 45 minutes. Where its function is to remove solids from the mixed juice by
gravity sedimentation in quiescent conditions. But before clarification the mixed juice in the heater
is added with lime juice, where it coagulates the albumin, waxes and gums where it promotes the
formation of insoluble salts and neutralizes the natural acidity of the juice. After that the
superheated juice enters the flash vessel where the entrained air from the juice is eliminated to
avoid undesirable effects like flocs flotation. After that it enters influent pipe of the circular
clarifier. The solids that is found in the mixed juiced are sand adhering to the cane stalks as well
as from the material inherent in the cane stalk. The juice that entered in the influent pipe, overflows
to feed wells and is deflected laterally into the separation region of the vessel. The separation
begins by allowing the solid particles to settle down onto the base of the clarifier. The solids are
then swept from the base into a mud compartment, where the sludge will be pumped and goes to
the MRF. And the clarified juice overflows into take-off launders that are located inside and
outside the feed system.
The SRT Juice Clarifier is the commonly clarifier in the sugar industry. Its design is based
on the concept of introducing quiescent flow through multiple feed openings and withdrawing the
overflow through the entire surface area with minimum retention time. Also, one of the advantages
of the SRT clarifier is its cost and maintenance compared to other clarifiers such as multi-tray type
clarifier.
b. Main Body Design
1. Feed Well - Offers enhanced energy dissipation and decrease of fluid velocity in an
influential input stream to decrease turbulence in the clarifier tank as the influential feed
joins the clarifier tank for removal.
2. Energy Dissipating Inlet - The aim of an EDI is to dissipate the hydraulic energy of the
influential stream as it enters the center column and efficiently and uniformly distributes
the stream to the center well.
3. Support Column – Supports the rake arm and this is where the feed enters and releases it
onto the feed well.
4. Scraper Blade - The blades move the remaining sludge at the edge of the clarifier to a sump
at the middle of the tank.
5. Rake Arm - Clarifiers use continuously revolving rake arms to push the concentrated slurry
towards the middle of the tank where it is separated.
6. Skimmer Arm - Rotates with the rake arm where the top part of solids is removed and
unsightly layer scum can be reduced. Scum Baffle -
7. Scum Trough - A skimmer sweeps over the clarifier's surface to collect any floatable solids
and remove them via the scum trough.
8. Weir Plate - Provides equal removal of water from the periphery of the circular clarifier at
360 °.
9. Effluent Launder - Liquids where solids have already settled, flows over a V-notch weir
and cascades into a trough called an Effluent launder which surrounds the clarifier.
10. Motor Drive - PRODUCES LOW SPEED HIGH TORQUE ROTATION OF SLUDGE
COLLECTOR ARMS TO PERMIT POSITIVE SLUDGE COLLECTION AND
REMOVAL PROPER UNIT OPERATION.
c. Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages
Shorter detention time for settling sludge Inefficient for small scale operation.
Simple sludge collection system Large initial investment.
Effective solid-liquid separation. Requires large installation area.

Can be used for a variety of liquid-solid
separations.
References:
https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2605&context=gradschool_theses
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c53d/6cdb49751294afeb6e5653ed674f8d415f2e.pdf
https://www.911metallurgist.com/blog/difference-between-clarifier-and-thickener
https://s3.amazonaws.com/suncam/docs/278.pdf
file:///C:/Users/cpfernandez/Desktop/Clarifiers.pdf
https://www.sri.org.au/short-retention-juice-clarifiers/
https://www.sugartech.co.za/clarifier/
https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/environment/water/documents/wr-wq_pub_design-criteria-
ch5.pdf
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19942060.2015.1121518
http://globaltreatmentsystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/80010036_11-09-1.pdf

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Circular Clarifier

c. Advantages and Disadvantages

Simple sludge collection system Large initial investment.

Effective solid-liquid separation. Requires large installation area.

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