Engine Management: Fuel Control

Ho Chi Minh City University of
Technology and Education
ENGINE MANAGEMENT
Fuel control
Do Van Dung, Assoc. Prof. PhD

Faculty of Vehicle Engineering
Email: dodzung@hcmute.edu.vn
Mobile: 0903644706
VIDEO CLIPS TO WATCH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cr4uIzkD0k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FfcjERUtUw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzbLrn-2jyw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl-LYas2Ox0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3bIo8GetoQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK4mb1yS0dY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qId3Th6_a4U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjJSbHxIvnM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgJRIIMdIM0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkrgGXYcHRs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPfwOV1MkBk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oc2EZG9G-v4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxdwzlrRc8U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK4mb1yS0dY&t=40s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjJSbHxIvnM&t=17s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVWZFdb_AGc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66C4YIiwRbM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fl3aD1qJrEg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=uNaJSAejzCM
TYPES OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS
HYSTORY OF FUEL CONTROL SYSTEMS
1870s – 1920s: early systems

1930s – 1950s: first mass-produced petrol direct
injection
1950s – 1980s: series production manifold injection
systems
1979 – 2000s: Digital engine management system –
Bosch Motronic in 1979. 1995, Mitsubishi presented the
first common-rail petrol direct injection system.
Common-rail direct injection was also introduced in
passenger car diesel engines, with the Fiat 1.9 JTD.
FUEL SUPPLY WITH CARBURRETOR
MIXTURE FORMATION: CONCEPTS FROM CAKE MAKING
AIR FUEL MIXTURE: SWIRL MOTION
D-JETRONIC
L-JETRONIC
L, LH, LU - JETRONIC
Fuel supply with manifold (port) injection
Electric fuel pump
Electric fuel pump
Gasoline filter
Pressure-limiting valve
Fuel pressure regulator
GASOLINE INJECTORS
ECT – ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
TPS- THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR
IAT – INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor
AIRFLOW SENSOR VANE TYPE
AIRFLOW SENSOR VANE TYPE
Volumetric airflow
KARMAN VORTEX AIRFLOW SENSOR
Karman airflow meter
25
AIR MASS SENSOR
POSITION SENSOR
27
CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
28
VSS – VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR
COMPONENTS OF A PORT INJECTION (PI) SYSTEM
Engine management system
TYPICAL SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
SPEED-DENSITY METHOD
thumbnail.jpg
VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
INJECTOR’S CURRENT AND VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
INJECTOR’S CURRENT AND VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
TYPES OF PORT INJECTION
DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM DIAGRAM
Engine Crank
• While the engine is being cranked, the fuel control

system must provide an intake air/fuel ratio of anywhere
from 2:1 to 12:1, depending on engine temperature.
• At low temperatures, the fuel tends to form into large

droplets in the air, which do not burn as efficiently as tiny
droplets.
• Once the engine is started the controller switches
to an engine warm-up mode.
Engine Warm-Up
• While the engine is warming up, an enriched air/fuel ratio

relative to stoichiometry is still needed to keep it running
smoothly, but the required air/fuel ratio changes as the
temperature increases.
• The emphasis in this control mode is on rapid and
smooth engine warm-up. Fuel economy and emission
control may be still a secondary concern.
• The controller selects a warm-up time from a lookup table
based on the temperature of the coolant.
Open-Loop Control
• For a warmed-up engine, the controller will operate in an open

loop if the closed-loop mode is not available for any reason. For
example, the engine may be warmed sufficiently but the EGO
sensor may not provide a usable signal.
• The quantity of fuel to be delivered to cylinder can be

computed from MAF sensor measurements and can be
regulated by means of a fuel injector pulse duration.
• The accuracy of the fuel delivery is dependent upon the
accuracy of the measurements of the MAF sensor.
• Degradation of sensor/actuator calibration can adversely affect

exhaust emissions in the open-loop mode.
Acceleration Enrichment
• During periods of heavy engine load such as during hard

acceleration, fuel control is adjusted to provide an enriched
air/fuel ratio to maximize engine torque and very briefly neglect
fuel economy and emissions.
• The fuel system controller responds by increasing the pulse
duration of the fuel injector signal for the duration of the heavy
load.
• Enrichment of the air/fuel ratio to about 12:1 is sometimes used
and corresponds roughly to a maximum engine brake torque.
Deceleration Leaning
• During periods of light engine load and high RPM such

as coasting or deceleration, the engine may operate
with a very lean air/fuel ratio to reduce excess
emissions of HC and CO.
• When deceleration conditions are detected by the

control computer, it computes a decrease in the pulse
duration of the fuel injector signal. The fuel may even
be turned off completely for very heavy deceleration.
Engine Warm-Up
Engine Warm-Up
Reduce Engine Warm-Up Time
FUEL PUMP RELAY CONTROL
Idle Speed Control
• The idle speed control mode is used to prevent engine stall
during idle. The goal is to allow the engine to idle at as low an
RPM as possible, yet keep the engine from running rough and
stalling when power-consuming accessories, such as air
conditioning compressors and alternators, turn on.
• Idle speed is controlled by using an electronically controlled

throttle bypass valve which allows air to flow around the
throttle plate and produces the same effect as if the throttle
had been slightly opened such that sufficient air flows to
maintain engine operation.
IDLE SPEED CONTROL MOTOR
IDLE SPEED CONTROL
IDLE SPEED CONTROL
IDLE SPEED VALVE –STEPPER MOTOR
IDLE SPEED VALVE – STEPPER MOTOR
ELECTRONIC THROTTLE CONTROL
ACCELERATION PEDAL POSITION SENSOR
SERVO MOTOR CONTROL
Closed-Loop Fuel Control
Closed-Loop Fuel Control
Closed-Loop Control
VARIABLE VALVE TIMING CONTROL
Lambda sensor
Lambda sensor
OXYGEN SENSOR WAVEFORM
AIR/FUEL SENSOR VS OXYGEN SENSOR
AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
AIR FUEL RATIO
GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION
GASOLINE PORT & DIRECT INJECTION
HOMOGENOUS VS STRATIFIED CHARGE
GDI: STRATIFIED MIXTURE
STRATIFIED MIXTURE
GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION
DUAL FUEL INJECTION - PI AND DI
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
CRDI
CRDI
CRDI
CRDI
CRDI
DIESEL INJECTORS
DIESEL INJECTORS
DIESEL INJECTORS
DIESEL INJECTORS
PIEZO-INJECTOR
PIEZOINJECTOR
DIESEL INJECTOR WAVEFORM
PIEZOINJECTOR
PROJECTS FOR CHAPTER 6
1- Study on BIOGAS and biogas engine control

2- Comparison between GDI engine between Toyota, Mitsubishi
and Audi
3- Programming software for fuel control
4- Design a fuel injectors’ test bench
5- Study on dual (PI & DI) fuel injection engines
6- Study on biodiesel engine control
7- Study on the electronic throttle control
8- Study on idle speed control
9- Study on correction of ignition and fuel map in ECU
10- Variable Valve Timing Control

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Ho Chi Minh City University of

Technology and Education

Do Van Dung, Assoc. Prof. PhD

1870s – 1920s: early systems

• While the engine is being cranked, the fuel control

• At low temperatures, the fuel tends to form into large

• While the engine is warming up, an enriched air/fuel ratio

• For a warmed-up engine, the controller will operate in an open

• The quantity of fuel to be delivered to cylinder can be

• Degradation of sensor/actuator calibration can adversely affect

• During periods of heavy engine load such as during hard

• During periods of light engine load and high RPM such

• When deceleration conditions are detected by the

• Idle speed is controlled by using an electronically controlled

1- Study on BIOGAS and biogas engine control

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