INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

(EMTE1012)

Chapter 1
Evolution of Emerging Technologies

Compiled by : Wubalem Tanbizot

Yitayew Solomon
Nitsihwork Negash
Zerihun Tsegaye
Tadesse Beyene
 Outline
Introduction
Evolution of Technologies
The Industrial Revolution (IR)
 History of (IR)
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Programmable devices
Human to Machine Interaction
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

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 Introduction to Emerging Technologies

• Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technologies.

• Technologies that are currently developing, or that are expected to be available

within the next five to ten years.

• Technologies that are creating or are expected to create significant social or economic
effects.

• Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of society through

technological development.

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 Introduction to Emerging Technologies
cont.…

What is the root word of technology and evolution?

• Technology: 1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or the arts," from Greek tekhnologia
"systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique," originally referring to grammar, from
tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy.

• Evolution: evolution means the process of developing by gradual changes.

• This noun is from Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or opening," combined from the
prefix e-, "out," plus volvere, "to roll.“

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 Evolution of Technologies

List of some currently available emerged technologies

• Artificial Intelligence • DevOps

• Blockchain • Internet of Things (IoT)
• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality • Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
• Cloud Computing • Big Data
• Angular and React • Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)

• It’s a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late
1700s and early 1800s.

• The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make labor more
efficient and productive.

• IR was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes
to large factories.

• IR shifts society from using tools to make products to use new sources of energy, such
as coal, to power machines in factories.

• This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to
big cities in order to work.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR) cont …
• The American IR commonly referred to as the Second IR, started sometime between
1820 and 1870.
• Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass making, and agriculture all had
undergone changes.
• IR fundamentally changed and transfer the world around us into modern society.
The Most Important Inventions of the IR are :-
Transportation:
The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The Airplane
Communication:
The Telegraph. The Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph. The Telephone.
Industry:
 The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights.

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 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0, IR 4.0)

• The IR began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to the rest of Europe.

• The first European countries to be industrialized after England were Belgium, France,
and the German states.
• The final cause of the IR was the effects created by the Agricultural Revolution.
• The four types of industries are:

• The primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and
fishing.
• The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
• Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
• The quaternary industry involves research and development industries e.g. IT.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)

• The Industrial Revolution (IR) is

described as a transition to new
manufacturing processes.
• IR was first coined in the 1760s.
• The transitions in the first IR included
going from hand production methods to
machines.
The increasing use of steam power
The development of machine tools
and
The rise of the factory system.
Figure :- Steam engine
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
• The Second IR, also known as the
Technological Revolution.
• Began somewhere in the 1870s.
• It includes the development of methods for
manufacturing interchangeable parts and
widespread adoption of pre-existing
systems such as telegraph and railroad
networks.
• This adoption allowed the vast movement
of people and ideas, enhancing
communication.
• Moreover, new technological systems were
introduced, such as electrical power and
telephones. Figure :- Electricity transmission line
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
• IR 3.0 introduced the transition from
mechanical and analog electronic
technology to digital electronics and began
from the late 1950s.
• Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR
3.0 was given the nickname, “Digital
Revolution”.
• The core factor of this revolution is the
mass production and widespread use of
digital logic circuits and its derived
technologies such as the computer,
headphones and the Internet.
Figure:- High Tech Electronics

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
• Includes technologies such as robotics, Internet of Things (IoT) additive
manufacturing and autonomous vehicles.

• The technologies mentioned above are called – cyber physical systems.

• A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored by

computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.

• One example that is being widely practiced in industries today is the usage of
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines.

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
cont.…
• These machines are operated by giving it
instructions using a computer.
• Another major breakthrough that is
associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of
Artificial Intelligence (AI), where we can
see it being implemented into our
smartphones.
• AI is also one of the main elements that
give life to Autonomous Vehicles and
Automated Robots.
Figure:- Anybody Connected device (ABCD)

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 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset.
• It drives or even determines the future of science, technology, economy, and possibly
everything in our world today and tomorrow.
• The preceding trend and its potential have triggered new debate about data-intensive
scientific discovery as an emerging technology.
• The potential of data science and analytics to enable data-driven theory, economy, and
professional development is increasingly being recognized.
• This involves not only core disciplines:
 computing, informatics, and statistics

 business, social science, and health/medical science

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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
Four basic kinds of devices:
• Memory
Store random information such as the contents of a spreadsheet or database.
• Microprocessors
Execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks such as running a
word processing program or video game
• Logic
Device-to-device interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data display,
timing and control operations
• Networks
Collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals,
other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
cont.…
• Programmable devices usually referred
as chips.
It incorporates:
 Field programmable logic devices
(FPGAS)
 Complex programmable logic devices
(CPLD)
 Programmable logic devices (PLD).
• There are also devices that are the analog
equivalent of these called field
programmable analog arrays.

Figure :- Programmable device

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 Programmable devices
cont.…
 List of some Programmable devices
Achronix Speedster SPD60
Actel’s
Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
Silicon Blue Technologies
Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
Xmos Semiconductor L series
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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
cont.…
 full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service Enabling Devices
(SEDs), which can include:
Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
Modems
Routers
Switches
Conferencing equipment
Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
Hosting equipment

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 Human-machine interaction (HMI)
• Communication and interaction between a human and a machine via a user interface.
• Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have gained increasing attention
as they allow humans to control machines through natural and intuitive behaviors.
• The study of how people interact with computers and to what extent computers are
or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings is called human-
computer
As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:
I. The user
II. The computer
III. The ways they work together

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 Human-machine interaction (HMI)
cont.…
User interacts directly with hardware for the human input and output such as
displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface.
User interacts with the computer over this software interface using the given input
and output (I/O) hardware.
Goal
Improve the interaction between users and computers by making computers more
user-friendly and receptive to the user's needs.
Advantages
Simplicity
Ease of deployment & operations
cost savings for smaller set-ups
 Reduce solution design time
Integration complexity
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 Human-machine interaction (HMI)
cont.…

Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing, performance

prediction, cooperative working, and capabilities.
Computer science: graphics, technology, prototyping tools, user interface
management systems.
Linguistics
Engineering and design
Artificial intelligence
Human factors

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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technology trends in 2019
 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
cont. …
Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of you and
your business

Emerging technologies are taking over our minds more and more each day.
 Chatbots
 virtual/augmented reality Shaping your life whether you
 blockchain like it or not.
 Artificial Intelligence

At the end of the day, you can either adapt or die

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Questions

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