The Basics of API 650

Ir.Sadani
 API Standard 650
Welded Tanks for Oil Storage
 Inspection and Test Plan for Storage Tank
Activity By Remark
No. Inspection and Test Plan Reference Document Acceptance Criteria Verifying Document
Manuf. TPI Client

1 Pre‐Inspection Meeting Spec. Spec. MOM H H H ‐

Befor Manufacturing

Approval of
2 Data sheets, PO, Spec. API 650, Spec. Calcualtion Book H H A
Mechanical
Calculation Books
Approval of
3 DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. DWG H H A
Fabrication
Drawings
Materials

Review mill test

4 DWG, Certificates ASME SEC II Certificates H W R
certificates of
plates
Review mill test
5 certificates of pipe, DWG, Certificates ASME SEC II, 16.5 Certificates H W R
flange, etc.

Review mill test

6 certificates of WPS, Certificates ASME SEC II Certificates H W R
welding consumable
material
Visual & Dimensional
7 DWG, Spec. ASME SEC II Report H W R
Check

During manufacturing‐ Marking, Cutting, Beveling and Grinding

8 Bottom Plates DWG, WPS, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

9 Annular Plates DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

10 Shell Courses DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

11 Roof Plates DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

12 Roof Structures DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

13 Wind Griders (If required) DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

14 Top Angles (if required) DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

15 Reinforcement Pads DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

Manhole Nozzle Neck
16 DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R
(From Plates)
Pipe For Column (if
17 DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R
required)
18 Pipe For Nozzles DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

19 Internal Pipes DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

Internal or External
20 DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R
Supports
21 Sumps DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R
Spiral Stairway &
22 DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H SW R
Platforms
Visual & Dimensional
23 DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Check of Loose Parts
During manufacturing‐ Forming and Rolling

24 Shell Courses DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H W R

25 Sumps DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H SW R

26 Top Angles DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H W R

Manhole Nozzle Neck

27 DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H SW R
(From Plates)
 Visual & Dimensional
28 DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Check
During Manufacturing‐ Foundation

Levelness of Ring
29 DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Wall (if
applicable)
30 Center Point and Radius DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

31 Flatness & Slope DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

32 Orientation DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

Anchor
bolts(Distance,
33 DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Projection ,etc.)
as required

During Manufacturing‐ Welding

34 WPS & PQR DWG, WPS, PQR, Spec ASME SEC IX Report H R/A R

Welder/
35 Welding DWG, WPS, WQT, Spec ASME SEC IX Report H R/A R
Operator
Qualification
NDT Operator
36 Certificates API 650, Spec. Report H R/A R
Certificate
Check
37 Fit‐up of bottom plates DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Welding sequence
38 DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R
implementation
Visual inspection of
39 DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R
weldment
Vacuum box test of
40 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
 Annular plate
41 DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
orientation check
Fit ‐ up & welding
42 DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R
of annular
plate
NDT of annular plate
43 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
/ Vacuum Test(If required)

44 Fit‐up of Shell Plate DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R

45 Welding of Shell Plate DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R

46 PWHT (if Required) WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R

47 NDT of Shell Plate Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

Oil Test of Annular

48 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Plate to shell
Plate
Fit‐up & welding
49 compression ring & DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R
roof plate
50 Welding of roof plates DWG, WPS, Spec API 650, Spec. Report H H R

51 Air test of roof plate Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

Air test of
52 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
reinforcements
During Manufacturing‐ Dimentional Check

53 Plumbness DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

54 Roundness DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

55 Peaking & Banding DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

 Nozzle Elevation,
56 DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Orientation and Projection

Manhole Elevation,
57 DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Orientation and Projection

During Manufacturing‐ Hydro Static Test

Verification of
58 Reports API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Test Package
Hydro test(Water
59 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H H
level/Holding time)
Settlement check
60 (Refer to applicable DWG, Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
procedure)
61 Water discharge Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H W R

62 Cleaning check Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

During Manufacturing‐Painting Activities

Painting material
63 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
identification/chec
k
Weather condition &
64 Surface Preparation Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
(Blasting)
Primer Layer Inspection
65 (Including Dry Thickness Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
check)
Intermediate/Final Layer
66 Inspection (Including Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Dry Thickness check)

During Manufacturing‐Cathodic Protection and Electrical

 Check of material prior to
67 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
installation
Installation of Earthing
68 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Bosses

69 Anode Installation Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

Check of Anode &

70 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
conductor
Check the Bonding
71 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
of UG Pipe

72 Cable Installation Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R

Check the Test Box,

73 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
Reference
Electrode
installation of reference
74 Spec. API 650, Spec. Report H H R
electrode including
cable
Abbreviations:

H: Hold Point = Hold on the production till TPI Inspector performs inspection and supervise the required test
W: Witness Point = Manufacture shall notify client and TPI Inspector but there is no hold on the
production; Client can waive this inspection based on his discretion and informs TPI Inspector
accordingly.

R: Document Review = Review means Review document, which includes of material test certificates,
WPS, PQR, NDT Procedures and etc.

A: Approval
SW: Spot Witness = for items with spot witness manufacture shall notify TPI inspector as fulfilling the
monitoring;
For example one random visit for whole UT tests or one or two visits for whole surface preparation
works for painting.
 DESIGN CODES
Following are the codes for the design of welded steel storage tanks,
API 650
BS 2654 For non-refrigerated, above ground storage
IS 803

API 12F For tanks for storage of Production liquids (upto 120m3)

API 653 For tank inspection, repair, alteration and reconstruction

API 620 For low-pressure storage tanks

IS 10987 For under-ground/above-ground storage of petroleum

products

For design of reinforced tanks

BS 4994 For tanks in reinforced
plastics
 Scope
• Establishes minimum requirements for
material, design, fabrication, erection, and
testing for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground,
closed- and open-top, welded carbon or
stainless steel storage tanks in various sizes
and capacities for internal pressures
approximating atmospheric pressure
(internal pressures not exceeding the weight
of the roof plates)
 Scope
• Applies only to tanks whose entire
bottom is uniformly supported

• Tanks in non-refrigerated service that

have a maximum design temperature of
93°C (200°F) or less.
 Scope
• The Standard has requirements given
in two alternate systems of units :
– SI units, or
– US Customary units.

• The Purchaser and Manufacturer shall

mutually agree on the units that will
be used.
 Limitations
a) The face of the first flange in bolted flanged
connections, unless covers or blinds are
provided as permitted in this Standard.
b) The first sealing surface for proprietary
connections or fittings.
c) The first threaded joint on the pipe in a
threaded
connection to the tank shell.
d) The first circumferential joint in welding-end
pipe connections if not welded to a flange.
 Responsibilities
• The Manufacturer is responsible for
complying with all provisions of this
Standard.
• Inspection by the Purchaser’s inspector
does not negate the Manufacturer’s
obligation to provide quality control
and inspection necessary to ensure
such compliance.
Tank Basics API 650 Fabrication
The Uniqueness of Tanks ~ Different Components
with specific requirements

1)Five Major Components

a.Foundation
b.Bottom
c.Shell
d.Roof
e.Nozzle

2)Two Major Welds

a.Bottom-­‐to-­‐Shell
b.Shell-­‐to-­‐Roof
Each component has specific requirements for;
Design, Erection, Inspection, and Testing
 API 650 Content
API 650 is primarily organized by fabrication sequence.

Section 1 -­‐ Scope (What's covered by this

Code) Section 4 -­‐ Materials (What's allowed,
restrictions) Section 5 -­‐ Design (Thickness,
joint designs) Section 6 -­‐ Fabrication (Cutting
and Rolling Plate) Section 7-­‐Erection (Field
Assembly of Components)
Section 8 -­‐ Inspection (Qualifications, Acceptance
Standards)
Section 9 -­‐ Welding (Qualifications, Markings)
Section 10 -­‐ Markings (Nameplates, Certification)
 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
Following are the common plate material used for construction of tanks,
A 36 upto 40 mm
A 283 Gr C upto 25 mm
A 285 Gr C upto 25 mm
A 131 Gr upto 12.5 mm
A A 131 upto 25 mm
Gr B upto 40 mm
A 516 Gr 55,60,65,70 upto 45 mm
A 537 Cl1, Cl2
The minimum tensile strength of materials used in construction of tanks are
between 55000 psi to 85000 psi.

Carbon content between 0.15% to 0.25%

 Design

Tank
Capacity
 Special Considerations
• Foundation
– The adequacy of the foundation is the
responsibility of the Purchaser
• Corrosion Allowance
– Guidance to the Purchaser for considering
corrosion allowance
• Service Conditions
– The Purchaser specify any special
requirements as required by anticipated service
conditions.
 Foundation
• Provides considerations for the design
and construction of foundations.
• Outline good practices
• Precautions to be considered
• Tolerances for levelness of the final
foundation
Tank Bottoms
 Bottom – Design Issues

• Min. New Thickness -­‐6 mm (0.236") 5.4.1

• Minimum Annular Plate Thick Table 5-­‐1b
• Bottom Plate Extension -­‐2" 5.4.2
• Sketch Plates Joints -­‐ Single Fillets 5.1.3.4
• Annular Plate Joints -­‐ Butt 5.1.5.6
• Other Bottom -­‐ Full Single Fillet 5.1.5.4.
• All welds -­‐ complete penetration & fusion (generally
welded both sides) 5.1.5.2/3
• Vertical joints offset by "5t" 5.1.5.2.b
• Courses should have a common centerline
 Shell Design
• Shell Design
– Shell designed on the basis that the tank is filled
to level H with a specific gravity (SG) product
value furnished by the customer.
– Manufacturer must furnish a drawing that lists:
• Required shell t (include CA) for both product
and hydrotest
• Nominal thickness used
• Material specification
• Allowable stresses
 Materials

Design Metal
Temperature
 8°C (15°F)
above the
lowest 1-day
mean
 Design

Material
Group
Selection
Shell Design
Sd and St is
selected
from the
table of
permissible
materials
and
allowable
stresses is
API Std
650
 Shell -­Thickness
• 1-­‐Foot Method -­‐ used for tanks < 200 feet 5.6.3.1
• Variable Design Point Method -­‐ required on tanks > 200
feet and can be used on all tanks with purchaser's
approval 5.6.4.1 (not in scope )
• Use greater of "calculated thickness" or the "arbitrary
thickness" 5.6.1.1
Note!!! Each course has a unique retirement
thickness. The retirement thickness applies to
the whole course! A tank shell with 5 courses will
have 5 retirement thicknesses.
The 1-­‐Foot Method is basically a form of "Barlow s
formula"!!!
You will use The 1-­‐Foot Method on the API Exam. You will not
be responsible to calculate tank shell thickness using the
Variable Point Design Method
 Shell Design
2 .6 D H 1
One foot Method
td C
G Sd A
2 .6 D H
tt • use max of td or tt
1 St
• Sdand S t per Table
Where
• add
3-2 internal pressure to H
t- (in)
d
thickness
• must use min “t” per 5.6.1.1
gravit
• must check for wind buckling
G specific
y (ft)
D diameter (ft)
H height
S des stres (psi  Not allowed for shells with
d
diameters greater than
CA corrosion ignallowance
product s stress
)
60m (200 ft).
St tes desig
t n
 Shell Design
• Shells with diameters greater than
60m (200 feet)

– Variable Design-Point Method

• See Appendix K

– Elastic Analysis (Finite Element

Analysis)
 Shell Design

Diameter Minimum Thickness

≤ 15m (50') 5mm (3/16 in)

15m < D ≤ 36m
6mm (1/4 in)
50' < D < 120'
36m < D ≤ 60m
8mm (5/16 in)
120' < D ≤ 200'

> 60m (200') 10mm (3/8 in)

 Wind Girders

Z = 0.0001 D2H2
Where:
Z = Required section Modulus (in3)
D = Nominal Tank Diameter
H2 = Height of the tank, incl.
Freeboard (ft)

Based on 120 MPH 3 sec gust

 Intermediate Wind Girders

Where
H1 = vertical distance (ft) between intermediate
wind girder and top angle or top wind gir der
t = as ordered thickness (in) of the top shell
course
D = nominal tank diameter (ft)
If the Transformed shell height is > H1
then an intermediate wind girder is
required
 Shell
Openings
 Roof Design
• Roofs
– Fixed roofs
• Roofs and structure designed to support
load combinations in Appendix R.
• Roof Plates minimum of 5mm (3/16” or 7
gauge) sheet
– Self supported roof plates may require
thicker plate.
– Supported cone roof plates shall not be
attached to the supporting members unless
the underside is to be painted.
 Tank Roof

• Design
Lap welded single full fillet on top 5.1.5.9 Plate thickness -­‐
3/16" + CA 5.10.2.2

• Fabrication
Reasonableness 7.2.5

• Inspection Options 7.3.7

Gastight roof-­‐ Air test or Vacuum test Non-­‐gastight roof -­‐
Visual
 Roof Design

• On most Cone Roofs this joint is designed to fail It's called a

"frangible joint“ 5.10.2.6
Fixed Roof Design

Cone
Roof
Fixed Roof Design
Dome Roof
 Umbrella Roof

• Minimum radius = 0.8D (unless

otherwise specified by the Purchaser)
• Maximum radius = 1.2D
 Wind Load

• Provides a set of rules for evaluating

the uplift or overturning stability of
a tank
• If the design does not satisfy the uplift
requirements
– Increase shell weight
– Provide anchorage
 Erection of Tanks

• API 650 provides rules and tolerances

for erecting tanks
• Rules for welding
– Welding Procedure Specifications
– Procedure Qualification Records
– Section IX of the ASME Code
 Erection of Tanks

• Welding of tank bottom

• Welding of tank shell

OPENING SHELL TANK
 Shell – Inspection & Test

• Other Weld Inspection

No cracks, arc strikes 8.5.1.a Surface
Porosity Limits 8.5. 1. c

• Other Inspections ( Dimensional Inspections )

Plumbness 1/200 of tank height 7.5.2 Roundness
Table in 7.5.3
Peaking & Banding 1/ 2" 7.5.4

• Hydrotest or Air/Vacuum Test 7.3.5/6

 Tank Roof

• Primary function -­‐ Keep product in and keep the

atmosphere out
• The roof is generally designed for low pressure.
• Two basic types -­‐ Fixed and floating
• Floating Roof-­‐ Minimize emissions by minimizing th
airspace
 Shell-­to-­Bottom
‐ ‐ Weld

• This weld and surrounding area is one of the highest

stressed parts of the tanks
• Weld can fail due to settlement or corrosion
• Design 5.1.5.7
Fillet weld both sides of the shell. Weld size -­‐ Normally
Not less than the thinner of the parts joined or
Table in 5.1.5.7 Not greater than ½ "
•Inspection -­‐ Various Options
7.2.4.1 Magnetic Particle
Various Penetrants (penetrant or light
diesel oil) Right Angle Vacuum Box
Air Test -­‐ Pressure Test between the
fillets
 Roof-­to-­Shell
‐ ‐ Weld
• On most Cone Roofs this joint is designed to fail It's
called a "frangible joint“ 5.10.2.6
If the roof-­‐to-­‐shell weld does not fail then the
shell-­‐to-­‐bottom weld will fail.
• Design
Fillet weld size does not exceed 3/16"
The roof slope does not exceed 2"
rise in 12" run Design details per
Figure F-­‐2 a-­‐e
• Inspection 7.3.2.2
Visual
• Tank Overpressure
The tank pressure may increase by:
1.Blocked or non-­‐operating vent
2.Product inflow is greater than vent
capacity
 Inspection Testing
• The standard provides details for the
minimum testing to be performed to
ensure quality workmanship of the tank

• Shell-to-Bottom weld
– Magnetic particle
– Liquid penetrant
– High flash-point oil
– Leak test
– Alternative pressure test
 Tank Bottom Evaluation

The Critical Zone -­‐ Within 3" of shell

•This is a higher stressed area
•Minimum thickness
Smaller of: 1/ 2 t Orig. (of bottom) or 'A t min (of shell)
But must be> 0.100"
•External Projection
Minimum thickness: 0.100"
Minimum projection: 3/8" (0.375")
•Rest of Bottom -­‐ Table 4-­‐4 Either
0.100" or 0.050"
 Inspection Testing
• Testing of the bottom
– Visual
– Vacuum box
– Tracer gas
• Testing of the shell
– Radiographic inspection
– Ultrasonic inspection
– Magnetic particle of root pass
 Inspection Testing

• Vertical spot radiograph in accordance with 6.1.2.2, Item a: one in the first 3 m (10 U) and one in
each 30 m (100 U) thereaUer, 25% of which shall be at intersections.
• Horizontal spot radiograph in accordance with 6.1.2.3: one in the first 10 feet and one in each
60 m (200 U) thereaUer.
• 3Vertical spot radiograph in each vertical seam in the lowest course (see 6.1.2.2, Item b). Spot
radiographs that satisfy the requirements of Note 1 for the lowest course may be used to satisfy
this requirement.
• Spot radiographs of all intersections over 10 mm (3/8 in.) (see 6.1.2.2, Item b).
• Spot radiograph of bottom of each vertical seam in lowest shell course over 10 mm (% in.) (see
6.1.2.2, Item b).
• Complete radiograph of each vertical seam over 25 mm (1 in.). The complete radiograph may
include the spot radiographs of the intersections if the film has a minimum width of 100 mm (4
in.) (see 6.1.2.2, Item c).
 Inspection Testing

• Testing of the Roof

– Gas tight roofs
• Internal air pressure < weight of roof
plates
• Vacuum box testing of weld seams

– Non gas tight roofs

• Visual inspection of weld seams
 Liquid Height Calcs -­‐ LTA

•Product Fill Height -­‐ LTA H =

SE.t/2.6 DG

Hydrotest Fill Height –LTA H =

SE.t/2.6 D

Formula Differences:
1)No Specific Gravity. For water G= 1.0
2)St is hydrotest allowable stress from
Table 4-­‐1
These "H's" are from bottom of the corroded area. Op
needs overall fill height. To determine "H,Mi" add the dista
tank bottom to the bottom of corroded area.
 Inspection Testing

• Testing of Penetrations
• Hydrostatic testing requirements
Marking
 Appendices

• Optional Design Basis for Small Tanks

– Maximum shell thickness of 13mm (1/2”)
– Only applicable to lower strength materials
– Design equations are simplified
– Inspection requirements can be reduced
– Provides a table of typical sizes,
capacities, and shell plate thicknesses
 Appendices

Shop
Assembled
Storage Tanks
Appendices
• Stainless Steel Tanks
• This appendix covers materials, design,
fabrication, erection, and testing
requirements for austenitic stainless steel
storage tanks constructed of material grades
304, 304L, 316, 316L, 317, and 317L.
Appendices
• Aluminum Tanks
– Imported from ASME B96.1 Welded
Aluminum Alloy Storage Tanks
– ASME B96.1 has been withdrawn
 Appendices
External Floating
Roofs
Appendices
 Appendices
Internal
Floating
Roofs
 Appendices
Internal
Floating
Roofs
Appendices
 Appendices

Cable
suspended
floating
roofs
 Appendices

Perimeter Venting
• Spaced 10m (32 ft)
• Minimum 4
• Area - 0.2 m2 (2 ft2)

Shell Circulation Vents

• Can be used instead
 Appendices

Aluminum Domes
 Appendices

Aluminum Domes
• With integral tension ring
– Dome resists all forces
– Supports slide radial
direction
• Without tension
ring
– Tank resists all
forces
Seismic Design
 Appendices

Requirements for Tanks Operating at

Elevated Temperatures 260°C
(500°F)
 Appendices

• Design for external

pressure
– Applicable to
pressures up to 6.9
KPa (1.0 PSI)
 Appendices

• Design for Internal

Pressures
– Covers from Atmospheric up
to 18 KPa (2.5 PSI)
MARKING
Nameplates
Figure 10.1.
The
nameplate
shall indicate,
by means of
letters and
numerals not
less than 4
mm (5/32 in.)
high, the
following
information:
 Design Data

Type of Tank : Double deck floating roof

Diameter of Tank 'D' :92 m
Height of Tank 'H' :20m
Product Stored :Crude Oil

• Design specific gravity 'G' : 0.9

• Corrosion Allowance 'C.A.' : 0.03937 inches 1 mm

• Course width : 2.5 m

• Capacity of Tank : 132952.2 cu.m. / 836176.3 barrels

The bottom shell course thickness:
t1d = [ 1.06 - (0.463 D/H) sqrt(HG/Sd) ] (2.6HDG/Sd
= 1.59256 inches
= 40.45102 mm
Where,
D = Tank Diameter = 301.8336
H = Tank Height 65.616
= = Product Specific Gravity
G = 0.9
Sd = Allowable stress for design condition
of bottom course= 28000
adding 0.03937 inches as corrosion allowance
t1d = 1.63193 inches
41.45102 mm
The second shell course thickness:

h1/(rt1) 05. =
1.8327322
Where,
h1 = bottom course height = 98.424 inches
r = nominal tank radius = 1811.002 inches
t1 = bottom course thickness = 1.63193 inches

From API 650 Cl.3.6.4.5

h1/ (rt1)0.5 applicable formula

1.375-2.625 t2 = t2a + (t1 - t2a)(2.1 - h1/1.25sqrt(rt1))
> 2.625 t2 = t2a
< 1.375 t2 = t1

Since h1/(rt1) 05. = 1.8327322

t2 = t2a + (t1 - t2a)(2.1 - h1/1.25sqrt(rt1))

where,
t2 = minimum design thickness for
second shell
t2a = thickness for second shell course
as calculated for an upper course
First trial:
Course # 2
H = 57.414 ft.
tu = (2.6D (H-1) G)/Sd
= 1.423024 inches
tl = 1.59256
inches K = tl/tu = 1.119137
C= k^0.5 (k-1) / (1 + K^1.5)
= 0.05771
a = (rtu)^0.5
50.76514
x1 =inches 0.61a + 3.84CH
= 43.69006 inches
x2 = 12CH
= 39.7604
x3 = inches 1.22a
= 61.93347 inches
x = min ( x1, x2, x3)
= 39.7604 inches
x/12 = 3.313367 inches
tdx = (2.6D (H-x/12)G) / Sd
= 1.36467 inches
 Second trial:
H = 57.414
tu = 1.36467
tl = 1.59256
K = tl/tu
1.166992
C= k^0.5 (k-1) / (1 + K^1.5)
0.079798
a = (rtu)^0.5
49.71338
x1 = 0.61a + 3.84CH
= 47.91824
x2 = 12CH
= 54.97837
x3 = 1.22a
= 60.65032
x= 47.91824
x/12 = 3.993187
tdx = (2.6D (H-x/12)G) / Sd
1.347522
 Third trial:
H = 57.414
tu = 1.347522
tl = 1.59256
K = tl/tu
1.181843
C= k^0.5 (k-1) / (1 + K^1.5)
0.086522
a = (rtu)^0.5
49.40005
x1 = 0.61a + 3.84CH
= 49.2095
x2 = 12CH
= 59.61084
x3 = 1.22a
= 60.26806
x= 49.2095
x/12 = 4.100791
tdx = (2.6D (H-x/12)G) / Sd
= 1.344808
t2a = 1.344808
t2 = t2a + (t1 - t2a)(2.1 - h1/1.25sqrt(rt1))
1.501837 inches
38.14665 mm
Adding 0.0625 inches corrosion allowance
t2 = 1.541207 inches
39.14665 mm

The third shell course thickness:

First trial:
Course # 3
H= 49.212
tu = (2.6D(H-1)G)/Sd
1.216132
tl = 1.501837

As explained earlier repeat the steps and calculate the third shell course
thickness.
Similarly, shell thickness of other courses are calculated
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