SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An autonomous institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

Tumkur-572103, Karnataka, India.
Department of Civil Engineering

Presentation On
Industrial Training
Held At

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF

INDIA
Submitted By
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Tejeshwini S
1SI17CTM13
. Guide
Internal External Guide
Dr. S. V. DINESH S.P.SOMASHEKAR
Prof. and Head Project Director
Dept. of Civil Engg. National Highways Authority Of India
SIT, Tumkur PIU, Bangalore
 INTRODUCTION
• National Highways Authority of India was set up by an act of the Parliament,
NHAI Act, 1988 “An Act to provide for the constitution of an Authority for the
development, maintenance and management of national highways and for
matter connected therewith or incidental thereto”.
• It has been entrusted with National Highways Development Project, which
along with other minor projects, has vested in about 72000 kms of National
Highways for development, maintenance and management.

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• National Highways are the arterial roads of the country for inter-state movement of passengers and
goods. They traverse the length and width of the country connecting the National and State
capitals, major ports and rail junctions and link up with border roads and foreign highways.

• The objective of NHAI is to ensure that all contract awards and procurements conform to the best
industry practices with regard to transparency of process, adoption of bid criteria to ensure healthy
competition in award of contracts, implementation of projects conform to best quality requirements
and the highway system is maintained to ensure best user comfort and convenience

• NHAI is mandated to implement National Highways Development Project (NHDP) which is

India’s largest ever Highways Project in a phased manner.

• The National Highways have a total length of 72,000 (approx) km to serve as the arterial network
of the country. Although National Highways constitute only about 2 per cent of the road network,
it carries 40 per cent of the total road traffic.

• Rapid expansion of passenger and freight traffic makes it imperative to improve the road network
in the country. Accordingly, Government of India launched major initiatives to upgrade and
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strengthen National Highways through various phases of National Highways Development Project
(NHDP)
 Mission
• To develop, maintain and manage National Highways vested in it by the
Government.

• To collect fees on National Highways, regulate and control the plying of

vehicles on National Highways for its proper management.

• To develop and provide consultancy and construction services in India and

abroad and carry on research activities in relation to the development,
maintenance and management of highways or any other facilities there at.

• To advise the Central Government on matters relating to highways.

• To assist on such terms and conditions as may be mutually agreed upon,
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any State Government in the formulation and implementation of schemes
for highway development.
ORGANIZATION OF NHAI

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 NOTABLE PROJECTS
• Access Controlled Highway from km 10.00 to km 29.50 of Bangalore-
Nelamangala Section of NH-4 (29.4 km)
• Bangalore- Hoskote- Mulbagal section of NH-4 (79.724 km)
• Four laning of Mulbagal – AP/KNT Border section of NH-4 from km
216.912 to km 239.100 (22.188 km)
• Design, Construction, Development, Finance, Operation and
maintenance of km 463.600 to km 524.000 of NH-7.Improvement,
Operation and Maintenance of km 535.000 to km 539.000 on NH-7 in
the state of Karnataka under North-South Corridor (NHDP Phase 2) on
BOT (ANNUITY) basis- Package No. NS-2/BOT/KNT-01 (68 km)
• Upgradation of Hyderabad- Bangalore section of NH-7 from
km.534.720 to km. 556.840 ( KNT- 2 project) ( 22.12 km)
• Development of DPR for widening of existing two lane to six lane of
NH-207 from Hoskote (Km 58.300) to Dabaspete (Km 138.320) total
length of 80.02km.
• 6
“Feasibility Study & preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)” for
6 laning of Tamilnadu/ Karnataka border to hoskote of NH-207 from km
 TASK PERFORMED
• Upgradation, Operation and Maintenance of 534.720km to 556.840km of Hyderabad Bangalore
Section of NH-7 in Karnataka under NHDP Phase 7 which involves following operations.
 Laying of DBM ( Dense Bituminous Macadam ) and BC ( Bituminous Concrete ) on existing
road surface.
 Crack repairs on existing stretch of road.
• “Feasibility Study & preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)” for 6 laning of Tamilnadu/
Karnataka border to Hoskote of NH-207 from km 16.80 to km 58.30 in the state of Karnataka
under other projects
• Special Repair To Damaged Portion Of Bypass Portion Of Existing Road Of Hoskote –
Dabaspet Section Of NH-207 From Km 58+300 to Km 138+320 which is proposed for six
laning in the State of Karnataka
• Hot mix plant visit
• Detailed study of Hybrid ETC operation in toll plazas. 7

• Accident Analysis during the year 2017-18.

 UPGRADATION, OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE OF 531.000KM TO
534.720KM OF HYDERABAD BANGALORE
SECTION OF NH-7 IN KARNATAKA UNDER
NHDP PHASE 7
Highway Stretch 3.72 Km from Km. 531.000 to Km. 534.720 on NH- 7 Of
Hyderabad- Bangalore section in Karnataka

Client National Highways Authority Of India

IC LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.

Concessionaire B Murugan (Engineer Contractor)

Works Involved
Pavement Milling to remove alligator cracks on existing
surface
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Construction of DBM on existing surface
Construction of BC
 SITE INSPECTION

DETECTION OF CRACKS

Remedial Measure Suggested: Pavement Milling

 SITE INSPECTION

DETECTION OF CRACKS

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Remedial Measure Suggested : Pavement Milling

MILLING

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 PAVEMENT MILLING
• Recycling of the road surface is one of the main reasons for milling a road surface.
• Milling is widely used for pavement recycling today, where the pavement is removed
and ground up to be used as the aggregates in new pavement.
• For asphalt surfaces the product of milling is reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), which
can be recycled in the asphalt hot mix asphalt (pavement) by combining with new
aggregate and asphalt (binder) or a recycling agent. This reduces the impact that
resurfacing has on the environment.

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 ADVANTAGES OF MILLING
• Control
With milling, the amount of pavement removed can be very precise

• Speed
Milling is usually faster than removing pavement by the traditional way.

• Cost
Milling is more economical than traditional removal.

Because just the affected layers can be removed, it will be less expensive to

repave.
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Conservation of valuable raw materials i.e.,The reclaimed material is reused

100 %, usually recycled in hot or cold mixing plants.

• Less Stress on Foundation
With traditional removal methods, heavy equipment may need to pass over the
area as many as 10 times. Each pass can place stress on the foundation and
“squeeze” moisture upward.

• Technical advantages
Cold milling establishes the basis for creating new road profiles. Layer-by-layer
removal of damaged roads thus allows separation and selective reclamation by
mixed material type.

The true-to-profile, even milling result enables quick and easy paving of new
surface courses.

Vertical, clean milling edges ensure precise connections to existing layers.

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 CONSTRUCTION OF DENSE BITUMINOUS
MACADAM ( DBM )
• Dense bituminous macadam is mainly used as binder course for roads having much
higher number of heavy commercial vehicles.

• In DBM mix there is a wide scope of varying the gradation to obtain the good mix
without affecting the durability of pavement.

• Achieving adequate compaction of bituminous mixes is crucial to the performance of

flexible pavement.

• Normally Marshall Mix design method is adopted for mix design of Dense Graded
Bituminous Macadam, (DBM). DBM is also intended for use as road base material.

Composition of DBM
• Fine Aggregates
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• Coarse Aggregates
• Bitumen ( Binder )
 STEPS INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION OF DBM
• Application of Tack Coat

• Preparation and placing of Premix

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• Rolling

QUALITY CONTROL DURING BITUMINOUS

CONSTRUCTION
Periodical checks are made for
• Aggregate grading
• Grade of bitumen
• Temperature of aggregate
• Temperature of paving mix during mixing and compaction
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• Finished surface
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CONSTRUCTION OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
• BC mix used as Wearing Course for heavily trafficked roads.
• Thickness is about 25 -50 mm. This surface prevents the penetration of
surface water to the base course; provides a smooth, well-bonded surface
free from loose particles.

Steps Involved In Construction Of BC

• Application of Tack Coat

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• Preparation and placing of Premix

• Rolling

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 TESTS RESULTS
Description Results Specification Remarks
limits
Aggregate Impact Value 20.25% Max 30% Found Ok

Flakiness Index 11.26% Max 15% Found Ok

Elongation Index 13.02% Max 15% Found Ok

Combined Index 24.28% Max 30% Found Ok

Theoritical Maximum 2.471 2.40 – 2.70 Found Ok

Specific Gravity
Rate of Application of Tack 0.263kg/m2 0.20 – 0.30 kg/m2 Found Ok
Coat
Bitumen Content 4.6% Min 4.5 % Found Ok

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Density 2.330g/cc 97% Found Ok
(98.90%)
SPECIAL REPAIR TO DAMAGED PORTION OF BYPASS
PORTION OF EXISTING ROAD OF HOSKOTE–
DABASPET SECTION OF NH-207 FROM KM 58+300 TO
KM 138+320 WHICH IS PROPSED FOR FOUR LANING IN
THE STATE OF KARNATAKA

Highway Stretch NH-207 From Km 58+300 to Km 138+320of total stretch

of 80.020km

Client National Highways Authority Of India

IC Hindustan Construction Company

Works Involved Construction Of Bituminous Concrete Layer on existing

road surface

Due to the presence of potholes and cracks on the existing road surface it was decided to
lay a layer of BC ( Bituminous Concrete ) on the existing road surface as a part of
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maintenance measure, to improve the surface condition and also to ensure safe and
comfortable ride to the passengers
 STEPS INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION OF DBM
• Application of Tack Coat

• Preparation and placing of Premix

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• Rolling

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 “FEASIBILITY STUDY & PREPARATION OF DETAILED
PROJECT REPORT (DPR)” FOR 6 LANING OF
TAMILNADU/KARNATAKA BORDER TO HOSKOTE OF
NH-207 FOR LENGTH OF 22.860 KM IN THE STATE OF
KARNATAKA UNDER OTHER PROJECTS

• State: Karnataka
• Districts: Bangalore Rural, Kolar
• Taluks: Hoskote, Malur
• Project Start: Km 0+000 – TN/KA Border near Sampangere
• Project End: Km 22+860 – Proposed BCE Jn. near Vadigenahali
• Highways: NH 648 (old NH 207), Hosur-Malur road, Hoskote-Malur
road (SH 95) 25
• Railways: Between Devanagonthi-Whitefield stations in Jolarpettai-
KSR Bangalore Section
STAGES INVOLVED IN PREPARATION OF
DPR

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FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR FINALIZING THE
FINAL ALIGNMENT
The factors considered for the proposed alignment selection are as follows
 The alignment for the STRR was finalized in 2007 and the boundary stones are
laid for the same with a ROW of 90 m. The land for STRR is already frozen by
the BMRDA and they have not allowed any construction in this area for the last
10 years. The requirement of land for national highway is only 60 m
 The STRR alignment is with smooth curves which satisfies the minimum radius
requirements.
 Land Acquisition will be easier for STRR alignment as it is already marked and
frozen for 10 years.
 The length of the proposed alignment is less compared to other options.
 Minimum number of structures are getting affected. 27

 Alignments across water bodies are avoided. 

OBSERVATIONS
The following major observations are found in finalizing alignment

•Length of the Alignment and the Land Acquisition for the finalized alignment is
least compared to the other options.

•In the finalized alignment, the alignment runs parallel to NH-648 hence the
proposed road can be utilized by the traffic on existing NH-648.

•STRR alignment is followed for 4Km in case of the above finalized alignment.
•Standard geometry can be maintained along the proposed alignment with
minimum cost for shifting and dismantling of structures. Hence the alignment

was finalized and recommended.

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• The land for STRR is already frozen by the BMRDA and they have not
allowed any construction in this area for the last 10 years. Hence, the local
protest in land acquisition will be minimal in the finalized alignment

• Total Project Cost for the finalized alignment is less compared to other
options Considering the merits and demerits of all the options it is found
that the finalized alignment is more feasible compared to other three
options.

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 The finalized alignment starts near the Tamil Nadu/ Karnataka
border (joins the Bharath Mala Alignment) follows a Greenfield
alignment for a length of 9.0Km, follows the STRR alignment for a
length of 4.0Km upto Dunnasandra, crosses the railway line near
kacharakanahalli with a Road Over Bridge, passes Makkanahalli
and Vagatta and joins the proposed Bangalore-Chennai Expressway
through a trumpet interchange at the BCE junction. The total length
of the alignment is 21.928Km.

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SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ALIGNMENT
Design Values for proposed alignment
Design Parameter

Design Speed 100 Kmph

Alignment Length 22.860 Km
Gradient 2.5%
Minimum Radius of Curvature 600m

Service Road 7.5m wide throughout the alignment on either sides

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION

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 AMENITIES ON APPROVED ALIGNMENT
AMENITIES / FACILITIES
Sl.No Amenities Chainage (Km) Number

3+125(Right), 3+625(Left)
5+080(Right), 5+600(Left)
1 Bus Bays 11+680(Right), 12+110(Left)
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18+710(Right), 19+010(Left)

Truck Lay Bye 2

2
21+200(Left), 21+540(Right)
3 Rest Area 2
9+450(Left), 12+250(Right)
Toll Plaza on Highway 2
4
2+400(Left), 20+550(Right)

4+600(Right), 5+800(Left)
5 Toll Booths on Service Road 6
9+800(Right), 11+260(Left) 32
13+900(Right), 14+840(Left)
 LAND ACQUISITION & STRUCTURES
AFFECTED
Land Acquisition Details
Land Required 157 Ha
Land Available 9.3 Ha
Land to be Acquired 148 Ha
Structures Affected 75 Nos.*
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (also Land Acquisition Act, 2013) is an Act
of Indian Parliament that regulates land acquisition and lays down the procedure and rules
for granting compensation, rehabilitation and resettlement to the affected persons in India.
The Act has provisions to provide fair compensation to those whose land is taken away,
brings transparency to the process of acquisition of land to set up factories or buildings,
infrastructural projects and assures rehabilitation of those affected.
The Act establishes regulations for land acquisition as a part of India's massive
industrialisation drive driven by public-private partnership. NHAI follows the above act
and all the process of land acquisition is done according to the rules as mentioned in the
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act.
 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION ( ETC )
•Electronic toll collection system is a digital system of collection toll from
vehicles without stopping them. 
•Electronic Toll Collection lanes improve the speed and efficiency of traffic flow
and save drivers' time.

ETC system relies on four major components:

•Automated Vehicle Identification (AVI)
• Automated Vehicle Classification (AVC) 34
• Transaction Processing
• Violation Enforcement
(i)  Vehicle identification
• When a vehicle approaches the ETC lane, the system installed at the plaza
communicates with FASTag and checks for card validity and account
balance. Vehicles with valid tag (Tag registered with ETC program) and positive
account balance are allowed to cross the intersection.
• Other vehicles entering ETC lanes are guided out via ejection lane mechanism to
adjacent manual cash lanes, where they would be allowed to pass after paying
toll fee and a penalty.

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(ii) Vehicle classification
• Toll charges levied on a vehicle depend on its class- Car/Jeep/Van, Truck, Bus,
LCV, Multi Axle vehicles. AVC (automatic vehicle classification) is a key element
for assessment of the correct toll tax at toll plazas and ensures accurate vehicle
detection and classification. 
• The classification is based on axles, distance between axles, single and double
wheels and multiple vehicle heights. This is done using infra-red sensors installed
at the toll plaza.
• If the AVC class matches the vehicle class associated with that FASTag the vehicle
is successfully classified, else there is a class mismatch. Class mismatch is verified
by looking at video recording captured by lane camera.

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 (iii) Transaction Processing
• This requires setting up of a Central Clearing House (CCH) for clearing and
settlement of toll transactions.
• These ETC transaction files are relayed to CCH(Central Clearing House) for
debiting appropriate toll fee from the pre-paid account of registered vehicle and
crediting the same to respective toll collection agency.
• Text message is sent to the vehicle owner for each transaction.

(iv)  Violation handling
• Stolen vehicles, vehicles with class mismatch, vehicles with insufficient balance
and those that run through (cross without payment in cash lane) are blacklisted.
•List of blacklisted vehicles is shared with all toll plazas. These vehicles are 37
stopped when they cross the next toll collection point and appropriate steps are
taken
 HYBRID ETC
• Hybrid system allows flexible, low maintenance , effective and intelligent
technology.
• It reduces traffic congestion cost as well as increase efficiency and security.
• The system is designed on the understanding that the lane shall be equipped with
the capability to the multiple modes of transactions such as fastag, cash, online,
passtag etc…

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Working Process

Once the vehicle reaches the lane, sequence is as follows

• RFID reader reads the tag value
• Checks the status either it is blacklisted or not in the database.
• If all the parameter goes positive the lane module allows transaction to be process for the
vehicle.
• Else it doesn’t allow vehicle to pass through the lane.
There are dedicated ETC lanes on toll plazas to aid faster traffic flow of vehicles using
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FASTag. Vehicles can do toll transaction without stopping thus making the process faster and
more efficient.  This has many more advantages like reducing congestion at plazas, saving fuel,
reducing travel time and so on.
 FASTAG
• FASTag is a simple to use, reloadable tag which enables automatic deduction of toll
charges and lets you pass through the toll plaza without stopping for the cash

transaction. FASTag is linked to a prepaid account from which the applicable toll

amount is deducted..

• FASTag is a device that employs Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology

for making toll payments directly from the prepaid account linked to it.

• It is affixed on the windscreen of your vehicle and enables you to drive through toll
plazas, without stopping for cash transactions. You will have to use the lanes

demarcated for FASTag.

• The tag has a validity of 5 years and after purchasing, you only need to recharge/ top
up the tag as per your requirement. 40

• More toll plazas will be brought under the FASTag program in the future
 ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
Month No of
Accidents Fatal Grievious Minor Non-Injured

Apr-17 38 0 6 19 34
May-17 27 1 1 13 23
Jun-17 24 1 1 15 22
Jul-17 22 2 10 13 16
Aug-17 20 0 2 13 17
Sep-17 23 3 8 19 18
Oct-17 24 2 3 6 27
Nov-17 24 0 5 8 25
  Dec-17 30 2 9 9 32
Jan -18 19 3 6 8 15
Feb-18 17 2 1 8 19
Mar -18 13 0 0 4 17 41
Total 281 16 52 135 265
 Monthly Analysis of Accidents during the year 2017-18
No.of Accidents
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18

5
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 SAFETY MEASURES UNDERTAKEN
• Emergency response arrangements
Ambulance with GPS tracking and paramedical staff stationed at toll plaza
Patrol vehicles with GPS tracking are on project highway
In emergency ambulance are sent to spot and injures are taken to hospital on
time
24 Emergency call box are provided through the stretch
Emergency contact numbers are displayed in toll plaza
• Separation of local traffic
MCW traffic is separated from SR road traffic with limited entry and exit points.
All entry exit points are properly marked with road marking and sign boards
• Pedestrian facility
All pedestrian crossings are provided with solar traffic signals, pedestrian
crossings and sign boards
• Illumination
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Proper illumination (40 lux) is available throughout the stretch
• Development of junctions
• Signages
Thermoplastic road markings with reflective road studs have been provided
throughout the stretch with signages.
• Safety management measures
Speed limit boards, thermoplastic painting , rumble strips and road studs have
been provided to control the speed.
• Crash Barrier on the bridges & CD structures
Crash barriers have been provided at the approaches of bridges with reflective
painting
• Barricades at construction zones

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THANK YOU…

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