Suspensions: Sahara College Narowal

SUSPENSIONS
Introduction and Sahara College Narowal.

Importance  Submitted to
Preparations  DR Raafia
Examples
 Submitted By
 Anum Bibi and Farwa Razzaq
Introduction to Suspensions
Suspensions may be defined as preparations containing finely divided drug
particles (the suspensoid) distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a
vehicle in which the drug exhibits a minimum degree of solubility.
Some suspensions are available in ready-to-use form, that is, already
distributed through a liquid vehicle with or without stabilizers and other
additives.
Other preparations are available as dry powders intended for suspension in
liquid vehicles. Generally, this type of product is a powder mixture
containing the drug and suitable suspending and dispersing agents to be
diluted and agitated with a specified quantity of vehicle, most often
purified water.
PREPARATION OF SUSPENSIONS GENERAL
PROCEDURE
 • First the particle size is reduced to a desired size with the help of mill or other equipments.
• The insoluble materials are levigated or grinded to a smooth paste with vehicle containing the wetting agent.
 • All soluble ingredients are dissolved in same portion of the vehicle and added to the smooth paste to get slurry.
 • If preparing on small scale, the slurry is then transferred to a graduated cylinder and mortar is rinsed with
successive portion of vehicle.
 • If preparing on industrial scale, then slurry is transferred to a colloid mill or a disperser or any other equipment to
completely wet the particles.
 • Then a deflocculated suspension is obtained.
 • Decide whether the solids are:
  Suspended in a structured vehicle
  Flocculated
  Flocculated and then suspended
 • Add the vehicle containing the suspending agent or flocculating agent.
 • Make up the dispersion to the final volume.
 • Thus suspension is prepared.
Formulation of suspensions
1-Precipitation method;
Three precipitation methods are used:
 Organic solvent precipitation:
• Water insoluble drugs can be precipitated by dissolving them in water miscible organic
solvent and then adding organic phase to distilled water under standard conditions.
. • Organic solvents used are ethanol, methanol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
 Precipitation by pH:
• The method of changing the pH of medium is more readily accomplished and does not
present the same difficulties associated with organic solvent precipitation.
• This method is applicable only to those drugs in which solubility is dependent on pH
value. • Examples include Estradiol Suspension and Insulin Suspension.
 Double Decomposition:
• This method involves simple chemistry.
• Example includes White Lotion (NF XIII).
Methods For Formulation of Suspension
2-Dispersion Method:
 • In this method, the vehicle must be formulated so that solid phase is easily wetted and
dispersed.
 • The use of surfactant is desirable to ensure uniform wetting of hydrophobic solid.
 • The use of suspending agent such as synthetic polymer, natural gums and others maybe
indicated depending upon specific application.
 • The actual dispersing of solids may or may not cause particle size reduction. If particle
size reduction occurs, the particles obtained may have different solubilities and this may
lead to super saturation of the system.
3-Use of controlled flocculation:
 • Controlled flocculation of particles is obtained by adding flocculating agents, which are:
  Electrolytes
  Surfactants
  Polymers
Methods For Formulation of Suspension
 4-Use of structured vehicle:
 • Structured vehicles called also thickening or suspending agents.
 • They are aqueous solutions of natural and synthetic gums.
 • These are used to increase the viscosity of the suspension.
 • These structured vehicles entrapped the particle and reduces the sedimentation of particles.
 • Thus, the use of deflocculated particles in a structure vehicle may form solid hard cake upon
long storage.
 • Too high viscosity is not desirable as:
  It causes difficulty in pouring and administration.
  It may affect drug absorption since they adsorb on the surface of particle and suppress the
dissolution rate.
  Structured vehicle is not useful for parenteral suspension because they may create problem
in syringe ability due to high viscosity.
 Reference; Lachman/Lieberman’s The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy 4th edition
page no. 655
Equipment used for formulation of Suspensions
1-Mortar and pestle
2. Agitators / Mechanical stirrers
Propeller agitator
Spiral Anchor agitator
Ribbon agitator
Turbine Agitator
3. Colloid mill
4. Homogenizers
5. Ultrasonic devices
Size Reduction Equipment:
Triple roll mill
Ball Mill
REFERENCE: Pharmaceutical engineering(principles & practices) by C.V.S.
Subrahmanyam.pg.no:155,161,229
Application/Importance of Pharmaceutical
suspensions
 Suspension can improve chemical stability of certain drug. E.g. Procaine penicillin G
 Drug in suspension exhibits higher rate of bioavailability than other dosage forms. bioavailability
is in following order,

Solution > Suspension > Capsule > Compressed Tablet > Coated tablet
 Duration and onset of action can be controlled. E.g. Protamine Zinc-Insulin suspension
 Suspension can mask the unpleasant/ bitter taste of drug. E.g. Chloramphenicol palmitat
 Suspension is usually applicable for drug which is insoluble or poorly soluble. E.g. Prednisolone
 Suspension To prevent degradation of drug or to improve stability of drug. E.g. Oxytetracycline
suspension
Examples of Suspensions
ORAL SUSPENSIONS BY CATEGORY
Antacids
Alumina, magnesia, simethicone
Representative commercial product;
Mylanta Liquid (Johnson & Johnson Merck)
Drug concentration in commercial product;
Aluminum hydroxide, 200 mg; magnesium hydroxide, 200 mg; and simethicone, 20 mg/5 mL
Comments;
Counteract gastric hyperacidity, relieve distress in the upper gastrointestinal tract
Anti Bacterial oral Suspensions
Erythromycin and its derivatives ,Tetracycline and its derivatives and Sulfonamides etc.
Rectal suspensions
Mesalamine(treatment of Crohn disease)
Colocort(treatment of Ulcerative Colitis)
Dry powders for oral Suspensions;
Ampicillin,Cefixime etc.

Suspensions: Sahara College Narowal

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Suspensions: Sahara College Narowal

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Suspensions: Sahara College Narowal

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SUSPENSIONS

Introduction and Sahara College Narowal.

 Suspension To prevent degradation of drug or to improve stability of drug. E.g. Oxytetracycline

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.