Intro HTML

WHAT IS HTML?
• HTML, otherwise known as Hyper Text Markup Language,

is the language used to create Web pages
• Using HTML, you can create a Web page with text,
graphics, sound, and video
TAGS
• The essence of HTML programming is tags

• A tag is a keyword enclosed by angle brackets
( Example: <I> )
• There are opening and closing tags for many but not all
tags; The affected text is between the two tags
STRUCTURE OF A WEB PAGE
• All Web pages share a <HTML>

common structure <HEAD>
• All Web pages should contain <TITLE> Example </TITLE>

a pair of <HTML>, <HEAD>, </HEAD>
<TITLE>, and <BODY> tags <BODY>
This is where you would include
the text and images on your Web
page.
</BODY>
</HTML>
THE <TITLE> TAG
• Choose the title of your Web page carefully; The title of a

Web page determines its ranking in certain search engines
• The title will also appear on Favorite lists, History lists, and
Bookmark lists to identify your page
TEXT FORMATTING TAGS
<B> Bold Face </B>

<I> Italics </I>
<U> Underline </U>
<P> New Paragraph </P>
<BR> Next Line
CHANGING THE FONT
• The expression <FONT FACE = “fontname”>

… </FONT> can be used to change the font of
the enclosed text
• To change the size of text use the expression <FONT SIZE=n> ….
</FONT> where n is a number between 1 and 7
CHANGING THE FONT
• To change the color, use <FONT COLOR=“red”>….

</FONT>; The color can also be defined using hexadecimal
representation ( Example: #ffffff )
• These attributes can be combined to change the
font, size, and color of the text all at once; For
example, <FONT SIZE=4 FACE=“Courier”
COLOR=“red”> …. </FONT>
ALIGNING TEXT
• The ALIGN attribute can be inserted in the <P> and <Hn>

tags to right justify, center, or left justify the text
• For example, <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> The New York
Times </H1> would create a centered heading of the largest
size
COMMENT STATEMENTS
• Comment statements are notes in the HTML code that

explain the important features of the code
• The comments do not appear on the Web page itself but are
a useful reference to the author of the page and other
programmers
• To create a comment statement use the  tags
INSERTING IMAGES
• Type <IMG SRC = “image.ext”>, where image.ext

indicates the location of the image file
• The WIDTH=n and HEIGHT=n attributes can be used to
adjust the size of an image
• The attribute BORDER=n can be used to add a border n
pixels thick around the image
ALTERNATE TEXT
• Some browsers don’t support images. In this case, the ALT

attribute can be used to create text that appears instead of
the image.
• Example:
<IMG SRC=“satellite.jpg” ALT = “Picture of satellite”>
LINKS
• A link lets you move from one page to another, play movies
and sound, send email, download files, and more….
• A link has three parts: a destination, a label, and a target
• To create a link type
<A HREF=“page.html”> label </A>
USING LINKS TO SEND EMAIL
• To create a link to an email address, type <A

HREF=“mailto:email_address”> Label</A>
• For example, to create a link to send email to myself, I would type: <A
HREF=“mailto: ktdunn@mit.edu”>email Katie Dunn</A>
ANCHORS
• Anchors enable a user to jump to a specific place on a Web

site
• Two steps are necessary to create an anchor. First you must
create the anchor itself. Then you must create a link to the
anchor from another point in the document.
ANCHORS
• To create the anchor itself, type <A NAME=“anchor name”>label</A>

at the point in the Web page where you want the user to jump to
• To create the link, type <A HREF=“#anchor name”>label</A> at the
point in the text where you want the link to appear
EXAMPLE: ANCHOR
<A HREF="#chap2">Chapter Two</A><BR>

Link
<A NAME="chap2">Chapter 2 </A> Anchor

ORDERED LISTS
• Ordered lists are a list of Here’s how it would look

numbered items. on the Web:
• To create an ordered list,
type:
<OL>
<LI> This is step one.
<LI> This is step two.
<LI> This is step three.
</OL>
FORMS
 What are forms?

• An HTML form is an area of the document that allows users to enter
information into fields.
• A form may be used to collect personal information, opinions in polls, user
preferences and other kinds of information.
FORMS
• There are two basic components of a Web form: the shell,

the part that the user fills out, and the script which
processes the information
• HTML tags are used to create the form shell. Using HTML
you can create text boxes, radio buttons, checkboxes, drop-
down menus, and more...
EXAMPLE: FORM
Text Box
Drop-down Menu
Radio Buttons
Checkboxes
Text Area
Reset Button
Submit
CREATING TEXT BOXES
• To create a text box, type <INPUT TYPE=“text”

NAME=“name” VALUE=“value” SIZE=n
MAXLENGTH=n>
• The NAME, VALUE, SIZE, and MAXLENGTH attributes
are optional
TEXT BOX ATTRIBUTES
• The NAME attribute is used to identify the text box to the
processing script
• The VALUE attribute is used to specify the text that will
initially appear in the text box
• The SIZE attribute is used to define the size of the box in
characters
• The MAXLENGTH attribute is used to define the
maximum number of characters that can be typed in the box
EXAMPLE: TEXT BOX
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="text" • Here’s how it would look on the Web:
NAME="FirstName"
VALUE="First Name" SIZE=20>
<BR><BR>
Last Name: <INPUT TYPE="text"

NAME="LastName" VALUE="Last
Name" SIZE=20>
<BR><BR>
CREATING LARGER TEXT AREAS
• To create larger text areas, type <TEXTAREA

NAME=“name” ROWS=n1 COLS=n2 WRAP> Default
Text </TEXTAREA>, where n1 is the height of the text
box in rows and n2 is the width of the text box in characters
• The WRAP attribute causes the cursor to move
automatically to the next line as the user types
EXAMPLE: TEXT AREA
<B>Comments?</B>
<BR>
<TEXTAREA NAME="Comments" ROWS=10
COLS=50 WRAP>
</TEXTAREA>
CREATING RADIO BUTTONS
• To create a radio button, type <INPUT TYPE=“radio”

NAME=“name” VALUE=“data”>Label, where “data” is
the text that will be sent to the server if the button is
checked and “Label” is the text that identifies the button to
the user
EXAMPLE: RADIO BUTTONS
<B> Size: </B>

<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Size"
VALUE="Large">Large
VALUE="Medium">Medium
VALUE="Small">Small
CREATING CHECKBOXES
• To create a checkbox, type <INPUT TYPE=“checkbox”

NAME=“name” VALUE=“value”>Label
• If you give a group of radio buttons or checkboxes the same name, the
user will only be able to select one button or box at a time
EXAMPLE: CHECKBOXES
<B> Color: </B>

<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Color"
VALUE="Red">Red
VALUE="Navy">Navy
VALUE="Black">Black
CREATING DROP-DOWN MENUS
• To create a drop-down menu, type <SELECT

NAME=“name” SIZE=n MULTIPLE>
• Then type <OPTION VALUE= “value”>Label
• In this case the SIZE attribute specifies the height of the
menu in lines and MULTIPLE allows users to select more
than one menu option
EXAMPLE: DROP-DOWN MENU
<B>WHICH IS FAVOURITE FRUIT:</B>

<SELECT>
<OPTION VALUE="MANGOES">MANGOES
<OPTION VALUE="PAPAYA">PAPAYA
<OPTION VALUE="GUAVA">GUAVA
<OPTION VALUE="BANANA"> BANANA
<OPTION VALUE="PINEAPPLE">PINEAPPLE
</SELECT>
CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
• To create a submit button, type <INPUT TYPE=“submit”>

• If you would like the button to say something other than
submit, use the VALUE attribute
• For example, <INPUT TYPE=“submit” VALUE=“Buy
Now!”> would create a button that says “Buy Now!”
CREATING A RESET BUTTON
• To create a reset button, type <INPUT TYPE=“reset”>

• The VALUE attribute can be used in the same way to
change the text that appears on the button
TABLES
• Tables can be used to display rows and columns of data,

create multi-column text, captions for images, and sidebars
• The <TABLE> tag is used to create a table; the <TR> tag
defines the beginning of a row while the <TD> tag defines
the beginning of a cell
CREATING SIMPLE TABLE
<TABLE BORDER=10> • Here’s how it would look

<TR> on the Web:
<TD>One</TD>
<TD>Two</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Three</TD>
<TD>Four</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
THANK YOU

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WHAT IS HTML?

• HTML, otherwise known as Hyper Text Markup Language,

• The essence of HTML programming is tags

• All Web pages share a <HTML>

• All Web pages should contain <TITLE> Example </TITLE>

• Choose the title of your Web page carefully; The title of a

<B> Bold Face </B>

• The expression <FONT FACE = “fontname”>

• To change the color, use <FONT COLOR=“red”>….

• The ALIGN attribute can be inserted in the <P> and <Hn>

• Comment statements are notes in the HTML code that

• Type <IMG SRC = “image.ext”>, where image.ext

• Some browsers don’t support images. In this case, the ALT

• To create a link to an email address, type <A

• Anchors enable a user to jump to a specific place on a Web

• To create the anchor itself, type <A NAME=“anchor name”>label</A>

<A HREF="#chap2">Chapter Two</A><BR>

<A NAME="chap2">Chapter 2 </A> Anchor

• Ordered lists are a list of Here’s how it would look

 What are forms?

• There are two basic components of a Web form: the shell,

• To create a text box, type <INPUT TYPE=“text”

Last Name: <INPUT TYPE="text"

• To create larger text areas, type <TEXTAREA

• To create a radio button, type <INPUT TYPE=“radio”

<B> Size: </B>

• To create a checkbox, type <INPUT TYPE=“checkbox”

<B> Color: </B>

• To create a drop-down menu, type <SELECT

<B>WHICH IS FAVOURITE FRUIT:</B>

• To create a submit button, type <INPUT TYPE=“submit”>

• To create a reset button, type <INPUT TYPE=“reset”>

• Tables can be used to display rows and columns of data,

<TABLE BORDER=10> • Here’s how it would look

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