Work Energy and Power

ZUMBA
Work, Energy
and Power!
The Calculations and Equations
Work
 Work is the energy
transferred to or
from a system by a
force that acts on
it.
 Itis done when a

force moves an
object.
Work
 In physics, work has
a very specific
meaning.
 In physics, work
represents a
measurable change in
a system, caused by a
force.
Work (force is parallel to distance)
Force (N)
Work (joules) W=Fxd

Distance (m)
Work (force at angle to distance)
Force (N)
Work (joules)
W = Fd cos (θ) Angle
Distance (m)
Work Calculations
W=F x d W=F x d cos 300 W= F x d

=100N X 5m = 100N X 5m X .87 =15Kg(9.8m/s2) X
5m
Energy
• Energy is the ability to do work.
Energy and Work
Work may be stored and
recovered. This stored work
is energy.
1. Kinetic –the energy an

object has because of it
motion
KINETIC ENERGY =
ENERGY IN MOTION
2. Potential –the energy of

an object which is not due
to its motion
POTENTIAL ENERGY =
ENERGY OF POSITION
Potential Energy (PEgrav or Ug)
Ug = PEgrav = mass * g * height
Gravitational potential
energy is the energy
stored in an object as the
result of its vertical
position (i.e., height).
Ug = PEgrav = m * g * h
Unit: Joules (J)

m = mass of object (kg)
g = gravity = 10m/s^2
h = height (m)
Gravitational Potential Energy
After an object has been lifted to a

height, work is done.
 PE = W= F x d= mgh
Potential Energy is
maximum at the
maximum HEIGHT
Potential Energy Calculation
 How much potential energy is lost by a

5Kg object to kinetic energy due a
decrease in height of 4.5 m
 PE = mgh
 PE = (5Kg)(10 m/s2)(4.5 m)
 PE = 220.5 Kg m2/s2
 PE = 220.5 J
Elastic potential energy
Spring constant Calculation
A tired squirrel (mass of 1 kg) does push-

ups by applying a force to elevate its
center-of-mass by 5 cm. (A) Determine
the number of push-ups which a tired
squirrel must do in order to do a mere
5.0 Joules of work. (B) Determine the
squirrel’s spring constant.
Spring Constant Calculation
W= F x d = 10 N*(.05m)=.5 N m
 W = .5 J (each push up)
 10 pushups = 5 J
 PE = ½ k x 2
 .5 J = ½ k (.05m) 2
 .5 J = ½ k (.003m 2)
 .5 J = .0015 m 2
 333.3 J/m 2 = k
Kinetic Energy (KE)
Kinetic energy is the

energy of motion.
m = mass of object
v = speed of object
Unit: Joules (J)
Kinetic Energy Calculation
 The energy of motion
 DKE = W= F x d= mgh=1/2 mv2
 Find the kinetic energy of a 4 kg object
moving at 5m/s.
 KE = 1/2 mv2
 KE = ½ (4Kg)(5m/s) 2
 KE = 50 Kg m 2 /s 2
 KE = 50 J
The Joule is the unit of work and energy.
1 Joule = 1 Newton * 1 meter
1J = 1 N * m = (Nm)
Hoping to replace steam engines by

electric motors, his first research sought to
improve electric motor efficiency. His
investigations concerned themselves with
the production of heat.
James Prescott Joule

Great Britain (1818-1889)
Mechanical Energy
ME = PE + KE
ME = PE + KE
Unit: Joules (J)
The total
amount of
mechanical
energy is
merely the
sum of the
potential
energy and
the kinetic
energy.
Mechanical Energy
Forms of Energy
 Solar
Radiation -- Infrared Heat, Radio Waves,
Gamma Rays, Microwaves, Ultraviolet Light
 Atomic/Nuclear Energy -energy released in nuclear
reactions. When a neutron splits an atom's nucleus
into smaller pieces it is called fission. When two
nuclei are joined together under millions of degrees
of heat it is called fusion
Forms of Energy
 Electrical Energy --The generation or use of
electric power over a period of time expressed
in kilowatt-hours (kWh), megawatt-hours (NM)
or gigawatt-hours (GWh).
 Chemical Energy --Chemical energy is a form
of potential energy related to the breaking and
forming of chemical bonds. It is stored in food,
fuels and batteries, and is released as other
forms of energy during chemical reactions.
Forms of Energy
Mechanical Energy -- Energy of

the moving parts of a machine.
Also refers to movements in
humans
Heat Energy -- a form of energy
that is transferred by a difference
in temperature
Power (P) P= W/t
Power is the rate at which
work is done.
Unit: J/s = W (Watt)

James Watt (1736-1819)
James Watt dies, age 83,
healthy, happy, and famous
James Watt was born in 1736 in

Greenock, Scotland. James was a
thin, weakly child who suffered
from migraines and toothaches. He
enjoyed mathematics in grammar
school and learned carpentry from
his father.
1781-1802 Patents
steam engine
In 1782 a sawmill ordered
an engine that was to
replace 12 horses.
The standard metric unit of power is the
Watt.
Unit: W (Watt)
One horsepower is equivalent to

745.7 ≈ 746 Watts.
Power!
 Power is simply energy exchanged
per unit time, or how fast you get
work done
(Watts = Joules/sec)
 The units for power :
 J/s
 Kg m2 / s2 /s
N m/s
Power
 Perform 100 J of work in 1 s, and call it
100 W
 Run upstairs, raising your 70 kg (700 N)

mass 3 m (2,100 J) in 3 seconds  700
W output!
Power Calculation
A5 Kg Cart is pushed by a 30 N force

against friction for a distance of 10m in 5
seconds. Determine the Power needed to
move the cart.
P= Fxd/t
P= 30 N (10 m) / 5 s
P= 60 N m /s
P= 60 watts
More Power Examples 31
 Hydroelectric plant
 Drops water 20 m, with flow rate of 2,000 m 3/s
 1 m3 of water is 1,000 kg, or 9,800 N of weight (force)
 Every second, drop 19,600,000 N down 20 m, giving
392,000,000 J/s  400 MW of power
 Car on freeway: 30 m/s, A = 3 m2  Fdrag1800 N
 In each second, car goes 30 m  W = 180030 = 54 kJ
 So power = work per second is 54 kW (72 horsepower)
 Bicycling up 10% (~6º) slope at 5 m/s (11 m.p.h.)
 raise your 80 kg self+bike 0.5 m every second
 mgh = 809.80.5  400 J  400 W expended
Summary
 Work is the energy transferred to or from a system by a force that acts
on it.
 Energy is the ability to move
 Potential is stored energy (Statics)
 Dependant on height
 Kinetic is moving energy (Dynamics)
 Dependant on velocity
 Springs store energy dependant on distance and constant
 Power is how fast the work is done
Formulas
PE = Ug = m*g*h (J)
KE= ½*m*v2 (J)
W = F*d (J)
P = W/t P = (F * d)/t(J/s or Watt)
P= F*v (J/s or Watt)
ME= KE+PE (J)
Hint: to make kg to a “Force” use

W= F = m* g g=9.8
Formulas
Impulse
I = F*t (Ns)
Momentum
p = m* v (kg*m/s)
Impulse = change in momentum
I = p
Impulse-Momentum
F*t = m*v
Conservation of momentum
m1 * v 1 = m 2 * v 2
Let’s USE and TRY IT 
STATION 1
STATION 2
A man of mass 80 kg climbs a

slope with a height of 5
meters. It takes him 10
seconds to reach the top. How
much is the work done? Also,
calculate the man’s power?
STATION 3
 A box having 2 kg mass, under the effect of forces F1, F2 and F3, takes
distance 5m. Which ones of the forces do work.
STATION 4
A body of mass 10kg

at rest is subjected to a
force of 16N. Find the
kinetic energy at the
end of 10 s.
STATION 5
 An object of mass m=1 kg is sliding from top to bottom in the
frictionless inclined plane of inclination angle θ = 30° and the length
of inclined plane is 10 m as shown in the figure. Calculate the work
done by gravitational force and normal force on the object. Assume
acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s²
STATION 6
Electrical energy = power × time of usage = P × t

SI Unit of Electrical Energy is Electrical Unit
1 Electrical Unit = 1kWh
Calculate the energy consumed in

electrical units when a 75 W fan is
used for 8 hours daily for one month
(30 days).
 Administrator. (n.d.). Work Power Energy Exam2 and
Problem Solutions. Retrieved from
https://www.physicstutorials.org/home/exams/work-power-
energy-exams-and-solutions/work-power-energy-exam2-
and-solutions.

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ZUMBA

 Itis done when a

Work (joules) W=Fxd

W=F x d W=F x d cos 300 W= F x d

1. Kinetic –the energy an

2. Potential –the energy of

Unit: Joules (J)

After an object has been lifted to a

 How much potential energy is lost by a

A tired squirrel (mass of 1 kg) does push-

Kinetic energy is the

1 Joule = 1 Newton * 1 meter

Hoping to replace steam engines by

James Prescott Joule

Mechanical Energy -- Energy of

Unit: J/s = W (Watt)

James Watt was born in 1736 in

One horsepower is equivalent to

 Run upstairs, raising your 70 kg (700 N)

A5 Kg Cart is pushed by a 30 N force

Hint: to make kg to a “Force” use

A man of mass 80 kg climbs a

A body of mass 10kg

Electrical energy = power × time of usage = P × t

Calculate the energy consumed in

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