States, Nations, and

Globalization
STATE
• is an organized political community living under a single system of
government.
• State is a community of persons more or less numerous, permanently
occupying a definite portion of territory, independent of external control,
and possessing an organized government to which the great body of
inhabitants render habitual obedience.
• The term state can be used interchangeably with the country and
government.
Elements of the State
1. PEOPLE – there must be people to govern, serve, and defend. There cannot be a state without
people.
2. GOVERNMENT – the institution or agency or instrumentalities through which the state
maintains social order, provide public services, and enforces binding decisions. Government
consists of the three branches: the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary.
3. TERRITORY – people cannot constitute a state unless they inhabit in a definite territory. The
territory of a state comprises: a) land, mountains, rivers and lakes within its frontiers; b) territorial
water, extending six miles into the sea from the coast; c) air space, lying above its territory.
4. SOVEREIGNTY – it is the inherent power of the state to impose its will on its people, free from
outside control.
FOUR KINDS OF SOVEREIGNTY
a. Legal Sovereignty – the authority which has the power to issue formal commands (the
supreme law making power).
b. Political Sovereignty – is the power behind the legal sovereignty, or the sum of the influences
that operate upon it.
c. Internal Sovereignty – the power of the State to control the domestic affairs. It empowers the
State to make and alter its system of government, and to regulate its private affairs, as well as
the rights and relations of its citizens without control from outside.
d. External Sovereignty – the power of the State to direct its relation with other states. It implies
the right and power to receive recognition as independent power from other external powers
 NATION
• is a group of people who feel bound by a common language, culture, religion, history, or
ethnicity.
•Nation is the social construction of collective identity.
•Nation is said to be imagined because members have a mental image of their affinity.
•Nation is an imagined community because regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation
that may prevail, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship.
•Nation is a large group of people bound together, and the recognition of similarity among
themselves because of a common culture and language.
NATION STATE
• A Nation-State occurs when a nation and a state largely coincide.
• A Nation-State as defined by UNESCO is one where great majority are
conscious of a common identity and share the same culture.
• A Nation-State is an area where the cultural boundaries match up with the
political boundaries.
• Therefore, nation-state would exist if nearly all the members of a single nation
were organized in a single state, without any other national communities being
present. Although the term is widely used, no such entities exist
Distinction between the
State and Nation
STATE NATION
• Has existed not only in the present • Modern phenomenon.
time but also in the ancient period. • Is racial and cultural.
• Is legal and political. • People are psychologically
• People are organized for law within joined together with common
a definite territory. will to live together.
• A state must be sovereign. • People continue as a nation even
• Is inhabited by heterogenous if they do not remain sovereign.
groups of people. • Is inhabited by homogenous
groups of people.
INHERENT POWERS OF THE STATE
• POLICE POWER – POWER OF THE STATE TO REGULATE FREEDOMS AND
PROPERTY RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS TOWARDS PROTECTION OF THE
GENERAL WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE AS THE SUPREME LAW.
• POWER OF EMINENT DOMAIN – IS THE INHERENT RIGHT OF THE STATE TO TAKE
PRIVATE PROPERTY FOR PUBLIC USE UPON PAYMENT OF JUST COMPENSATION.
• POWER OF TAXATION – POWER TO IMPOSE TAX ON INDIVIDUALS AND
PROPERTIES TO
SUPPORT THE GOVERNMENT. TAX IS CONSIDERED AS “THE LIFEBLOOD OF
GOVERNMENT.”
GLOBALIZATION
• refers to processes whereby many social relations become relatively delinked from territorial
geography, so that human lives are increasingly played out in the world as a single place.
• Globalization is also known as Global Industrialism, which is a process of forging international
political, economic, religious, and socio-cultural interconnections.
• Globalization is commonly defined as the growing integration of societies and economics around the
world or the domination of supranational corporate trade and banking institutions driving around a
globalized economic system.
• Globalization is a process of increasing interconnections specifically through economic, political, and
social connections.
• Globalization is intensifying worldwide social relations, linking distant localities in a way that
happenings are shared with events occurring far away.
Evaluate how globalization influences nation-
states
• The concept of sovereign nation-states is increasingly being challenged by
globalization.
There are three pillars of globalization:
1) Liberalization—loosens the restrictions on imported goods like quota and tariff;
2) Privatization—means that the government should release the industries they have,
and allow private sector to handle them;
3) Deregulation loosens and puts the intervention of the government to a minimum
and lets “Law of Market” run the economy.
Globalization has four reference points
1. Nation-state
2. A Single Humanity
3. The Individual
4. A Single International Society
Positive effects of globalization
1. Access to larger export markets;
2. Cheaper imports;
3. Opportunities to join larger markets for firms in less industrialized
country; and
4. Chance for businesses to be part of international production
networks.
Negative effects of globalization
1. Chance for currency crisis to increase by the volume of capital flows;
2. Inflammation income inequalities by the growth of international trade;
3. Transnational corporations controlled by the global commerce;
4. Cultural uniqueness is lost in favor of homogenization.