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    Unit 3 Sets

    Uploaded by

    Kowsika Kowsi
    This document introduces Python sets and their basic operations. It defines a set as a collection of unique and unordered elements. Sets can be created using the set() function or curly braces. Elements in a set cannot be duplicates and have no defined ordering. Common set operations include union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference, which can be performed using operators or methods. Methods like add(), discard(), pop(), clear() allow modifying sets.

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    Unit 3 Sets

    Uploaded by

    Kowsika Kowsi
    12 views16 pages
    This document introduces Python sets and their basic operations. It defines a set as a collection of unique and unordered elements. Sets can be created using the set() function or curly braces. Elements in a set cannot be duplicates and have no defined ordering. Common set operations include union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference, which can be performed using operators or methods. Methods like add(), discard(), pop(), clear() allow modifying sets.

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    Unit-3-sets

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    This document introduces Python sets and their basic operations. It defines a set as a collection of unique and unordered elements. Sets can be created using the set() function or curly braces. Elements in a set cannot be duplicates and have no defined ordering. Common set operations include union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference, which can be performed using operators or methods. Methods like add(), discard(), pop(), clear() allow modifying sets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views16 pages

    Unit 3 Sets

    Uploaded by

    Kowsika Kowsi
    This document introduces Python sets and their basic operations. It defines a set as a collection of unique and unordered elements. Sets can be created using the set() function or curly braces. Elements in a set cannot be duplicates and have no defined ordering. Common set operations include union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference, which can be performed using operators or methods. Methods like add(), discard(), pop(), clear() allow modifying sets.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Unit-3-SET

    Introduction

     Mathematically a set is a collection of items not in any particular order


     A Python set is similar to this mathematical definition with below additional
    conditions.
     The elements in the set cannot be duplicates
     The elements in the set are immutable(cannot be modified) but the set as a whole
    is mutable.
     There is no index attached to any element in a python set. So they do not support
    any indexing or slicing operation.
    Creating a set

    A set is created by using the set() function or placing all the elements within a pair of
    curly braces.
    Example
    Days=set([“Mon”,”Tue”,”Wed”,”Thu”,”Fri”,”Sat”,”Sun”])
    Months={“Jan”,”Feb”,”Mar”}
    Dates={21,22,17}
    print(Days)
    print(Months)
    print(Dates)
    Output
    When the above code is executed, it produces the following result. Please note
    how the order of the elements has changed in the result.

    Set([‘Wed’, ‘Sun’, ‘Fri’, ‘Tue’, ‘Mon’, ‘Thu’, ‘Sat’])


    set([‘Jan’, ‘Mar’, ‘Feb’])
    set([17, 21, 22])
    Set Operations
    Most operations on set can be performed in two ways.
    *Using operator
    *Using methods
    We will look at both ways of accomplishing the task.
    Union
    Union operation combines all the elements from both sets. “|” (pipe) symbol is
    used to carry out this operation. We can also use the union() method in Python.
    Example

    budgetCars = {‘Maruti’, ‘Hyundai’, ‘Ford’}


    highEndCard = {‘Audi’, ‘BMW’, ‘Ford’}
    print(budgetCars | highEndCard)
    print(budgetCars.union(highEndCard))
    Ouput:
    {‘Hyundai’ , ‘Ford’ , ‘Audi’ ,’Maruti’ ,’BMW’}
    {‘Hyundai’ , ‘Ford’ , ‘Audi’ ,’Maruti’ , ‘BMW’}
    Intersection

    Intersection operation picks the elements that are common in both sets. “&” operator
    or intersection() method is used to perform this operation.
    Example
    chemicalOne = {‘Na’, ‘K’, ‘Cl’}
    chemicalTwo = {‘HCL’, ‘Cl’, ‘Ba’}
    print(chemicalOne & chemicalTwo)
    print(chemicalOne.intersection(chemicalTwo))
    Output:
    {‘Cl’}
    {‘Cl’}
    Difference

    The difference in sets is similar to subtraction. When set B is subtracted from set A
    i.e, Set A – Set B then we say that in the resulting set all the elements of Set B will be
    removed from Set A. “-” (subtraction sign) or difference() method is used to perform
    this operation.
    Example
    easyToLearn = {‘Python’, ‘JavaScript’, ‘C++’}
    hardToLearn = {‘Assembly’, ‘C++’}
    print(easyToLearn – hardToLearn)
    print(easyToLearn.difference(hardToLearn))
    print(‘Changing order we get: ‘)
    print(hardToLearn – easyToLearn)
    print(hardToLearn.difference(easyToLearn))
    Output:
    {‘JavaScript’ , ‘Python’}
    {‘JavaScript’ , ‘Python’}
    Changing order we get :
    {‘Assembly’}
    {‘Assembly’}
    Symmetric Difference

    The symmetric difference of two sets A and B is a set that contains elements in either
    A or B but not both. “^” operator or symmetric_difference() method in python is used
    to perform this operation.
    Example

    A = {1, 2, 3}
    b = {3, 4, 5}
    print(a ^ b)
    print(a.symmetric_difference(b))
    Output:
    {1, 2, 4, 5}
    {1, 2, 4, 5}
    Methods in set
     A Set in Python is a collection of unique elements which are unordered and
    mutable.
     We can add and remove elements form the set with the help of the below
    functions
     Add():Adds a given element to a set
     clear():Removes all elements from the set
     discard(): Removes the element from the set
     pop():Returns and removes a random element from the set
     remove(): Removes the element from the set
    Example
    s = {‘g’, ‘e’, ‘k’, ‘s’}
    s.add(‘f’)
    print(‘Set after updating:’, s)
    s.discard(‘g’)
    print(‘\nSet after updating:’, s)r updating:’, s)
    print(‘\nPopped element’, s.pop())
    print(‘Set after updating:’, s)
    s.clear()
    print(‘\nSet after updating:’, s)
    Output

    Set after updating: {‘g’, ‘k’, ‘s’, ‘e’, ‘f’}


    Set after updating: {‘k’, ‘s’, ‘e’, ‘f’}
    Set after updating: {‘k’, ‘s’, ‘f’}
    Popped element k
    Set after updating: {‘s’, ‘f’}
    Set after updating: set()

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