DIRECT AND

INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct speech describes when something is being repeated exactly as it was (putting
the phrase between speech marks).

Kalimat langsung ialah kata-kata atau kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh
pembicara (orang pertama) dan ditulis apa adanya.

Indirect speech is used to report what someone may have said (without speech marks
and without necessarily using exactly the same words) and so it is always used on the
past tense.

Kalimat tak langsung ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk menyampaikan pernyataan
seseorang.
2
 DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
She said, “I am a clever student.” She said that she was a clever student.
Dia berkata, “Saya seorang murid yang Dia berkata bahwa dia seorang murid yang
pandai.” pandai.
 

Rudi and Budi said, “We played football.” Rudi and Budi said that they had played
Rudi dan Budi berkata, “Kami telah football.
bermain sepak bola”. Rudi dan Budi berkata bahwa mereka telah
bermain sepakbola.
3
 DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

He said, “I live in the city He said he lived in the city

centre.” centre.
1.CHANGE OF TENSES He said, “I’m going out.” He said he was going out.
- Simple Present > Simple Past
He said, “I’ve finished.” He said he had finished.
- Present Continuous > Past Continuous
He said, “I arrived before He said he had arrived before
- Present Perfect > Past Perfect you.” you.
- Simple Past > Past Perfect He said, “I was watching a He said he had been
movie.” watching a movie.”
- Past Continuous > Past Perfect Cont
He said, “I had already left.” He said he had already left.
- Past Perfect > Past Perfect
He said, “I have been waiting He said he had been waiting
- Present Perf. Cont > Past Perf. Cont you for 2 hours.” you for 2 hours.”

4
 DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

She said, “I can swim.” She said that she could

2. MODALS swim.

- Can > Could She said, “I must go.” She said that she had to
go.
- Must > Had He said, “I may drive He said he might drive
there.” there.
- May > Might
He said, “Shall we start?” He asked if we should
- Shall > Should start.

- Will > Would She said, “I will call you.” She said she would call
me.
5
 DIRECT INDIRECT
SPEECH SPEECH
3. CHANGING TIME EXPRESSIONS You said, “I had a You said you’d had a
- Now > Then headache yesterday headache the day
- Today > That day .” before.
- Yesterday > The day before / the previous day
- Last night > The night before
She said, “I will see She said that she
- Last week > The week before him tomorrow.” would see him the
- A week ago > The week before   next day.
- A month ago > A month before
- Tomorrow > The following day / the next day
- Next week > Following week / the next week
He said, “I haven’t He said he hadn’t
- Next month > Following month / the month seen them since a seen them since a
after month ago.” month before.
- Next year > Following year
6
 4. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
Change imperative sentence becomes affirmative sentence.

Saat kamu memberi perintah untuk seseorang, kamu menggunakan bentuk imperatif dari sebuah
kalimat, yaitu menggunakan kata kerja tanpa subjek dengan menggunakan To + Infinitive.

DIRECT INDIRECT
You said, “Call me back later.” You told me to call you back later.

He said, “Have a seat.” He told me to have a seat.

She told us “Don’t do that!” She told us not to do that.

You asked, “Could you call me back later?” You asked me to call you back later.

He asked, “Will you have a seat?” He asked me to have a seat.

She asked us, “Can you not do that please?” She asked us not to do that.
7
 5. QUESTIONS

• If the statement is the question that answered by YES/NO, use the word
“IF” at indirect speech.

Example:
- Direct speech: “Do they live here?”
- Indirect speech: You asked me if they lived here.

8
• If the statement is the question that use question words: ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘when’, ‘who’,
and etc, use that word in the form of affirmative.

• Untuk pertanyaan yang diawali dengan kata ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘when’, ‘who’, dan
sebagainya, kita mengabarkan pertanyaan tersebut menggunakan kalimat tanya tetapi
bentuknya diubah dari interogatif menjadi afirmatif.
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

“Where do they live?” You asked me where they lived.

“When are you leaving?” He asked us when we were leaving.

“How will they get here?”  She asked me how they would get here.
9
 EXERCISE

1. He said, “She is my best friend.”

He said that she ............................. his best friend.

a) is

b) was

c) has been

10
2. He said, “She is waiting for us.”

He said that she ............................... for them.

a) is waiting

b) was waiting

c) has been waiting

11
3. He said, “I have visited all the continents.”

He said that he ............................. all the continents.

a) visited

b) has visited

c) had visited

12
4. “She will help us.” he said.

He said that she .............................. help them.

a) will

b) would

c) could

13
5. She said, “I don't want to go.”

She said that she .............................. to go.

a) didn't want

b) doesn't want

c) don't want

14
6. Yuda said, “She must leave now.”

Yuda said that she ............................... leave then.

a) must

b) had to

c) Either could be used here

15
7. “I can't help you.” he said.

He said that he ................................. help me.

a) can't

b) couldn't

c) wouldn't

16
8. Rachel said, “I’m working today.”

Rachel said that she was working …..

a) Yesterday

b) Tomorrow

c) Today

17
9. The boss said, “Get out!”

The boss told me ….

a) To get out

b) Get out

c) I get out

18
10. He said, “Who are you?”

He said who …..

a) Are you

b) I was

c) 1 am

19
YOU DID YOUR BEST,
CARRY ON!