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    1 5 Mountain Ranges

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    jilliane corales
    Orogeny refers to the forces that lead to deformation of the Earth's lithosphere and formation of mountains. During orogenesis, deformed rock called orogens are formed as continental plates are crumpled and uplifted. The three stages of mountain building are: 1) accumulation of sediments, 2) orogenic deformation and crustal uplift, and 3) crustal uplift from isostatic rebound and faulting.

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    1 5 Mountain Ranges

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    jilliane corales
    40 views24 pages
    Orogeny refers to the forces that lead to deformation of the Earth's lithosphere and formation of mountains. During orogenesis, deformed rock called orogens are formed as continental plates are crumpled and uplifted. The three stages of mountain building are: 1) accumulation of sediments, 2) orogenic deformation and crustal uplift, and 3) crustal uplift from isostatic rebound and faulting.

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    Orogeny refers to the forces that lead to deformation of the Earth's lithosphere and formation of mountains. During orogenesis, deformed rock called orogens are formed as continental plates are crumpled and uplifted. The three stages of mountain building are: 1) accumulation of sediments, 2) orogenic deformation and crustal uplift, and 3) crustal uplift from isostatic rebound and faulting.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views24 pages

    1 5 Mountain Ranges

    Uploaded by

    jilliane corales
    Orogeny refers to the forces that lead to deformation of the Earth's lithosphere and formation of mountains. During orogenesis, deformed rock called orogens are formed as continental plates are crumpled and uplifted. The three stages of mountain building are: 1) accumulation of sediments, 2) orogenic deformation and crustal uplift, and 3) crustal uplift from isostatic rebound and faulting.

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    Mountain

     Orogeny refers to the forces and events that lead to a large structural deformation of
    Earth’s lithosphere.
     The word came from the Greek oros for “mountain” and genesis for “creation”. Orogeny is
    a product of movements of tectonic plates.
     During orogenesis, deformed rock called orogens or orogenic belts are formed as the
    continental plate is crumpled and pushed upward. The end product of this geological
    process is a landmass we simply call as a mountain.
    Geomorphology
    The science that is specifically concerned with the study of mountains .
    Stages of Mountain Building

    1. Stage one – Accumulation of Sediments


    Mountain belts are composed of igneous rocks
    and sediments. These accumulated layers can
    reach up to several kilometers in thickness.
    Through weathering and erosions, particles are
    released from rocks, and sediments are
    transported to the edge of the continental crust.
    Stages of Mountain Building
    2. Stage two – Orogenic Period of Rock Deformation and
    Crustal Uplift
    During this period, the accumulated sediments are deformed
    by compressional forces from the collision of tectonic plates.
    There are three types of tectonic convergence: arc-continental,
    oceanic-continental and continental-continental. Arc-
    continental convergence is observed when an island arc
    collides with the edge of the continental plate. In an Oceanic-
    continental convergence, the collision of ocean and
    continental plates allow the accretion of marine sedimentary
    deposits to the edge of the continent. Lastly, continental-
    continental convergence occurs when an ocean basin closes
    and the two continental plates collide.
    Stages of Mountain Building
    3. Stage three – Period of Crustal Uplift
    Caused by Isostatic Rebound and Block
    Faulting
    The final stage of orogenesis occurs at the
    end of the plate convergence. At this
    stage, crustal uplift occurs due to isostatic
    rebound and block faulting. Isostatic
    rebound is exhibited when a crust bends
    the lithosphere into the asthenosphere,
    causing the lower layer to flow out of the
    way. The load or crust will then sink until
    it reaches its buoyancy point. If anything
    changes the load, isostatic rebound
    occurs, and the crust rises back after a
    geologic time
    Through erosional forces, surface
    materials from the mountains are
    removed, allowing the weight of the
    crust in this region to become
    progressively less. When the weight
    decreases the continental crust makes
    an isostatic adjustment causing it to
    float higher in the mantle. This stage
    also causes block faulting. Here,
    tensional forces exist in a horizontal
    direction and breaks the continental
    crust into pieces of smaller blocks.
    Each fault block moves vertically at
    different orientations and elevations to
    compensate for the tensional forces and
    eventually produces normal and graben
    faults.
    Mountain Range
     is the succession of many closely spaced mountains covering a particular portion of
    Earth. It may consist of several valleys and river channels formed by water rushing
    down from melting glaciers. Several mountain ranges that run roughly parallel to each
    other are collectively termed as mountain belts.
    Himalayas
    The Himalayan range is the highest
    mountain system and also the
    youngest in the world.
    ‘’Himalaya’’- house of snow, ‘’Snowy
    Range’’
    World’s highest peak
    Regarded sacred in Hinduism and
    Buddhism
    Andes
    Longest mountain chain in the world –
    West Coast of South America from
    Cape Horn to Panama, distance of
    4500 miles.
    Divided into three sections:
    Central Andes – Chilean and Peruvian
    mountain system in Bolivia
    Northern Andes- Columbia, Ecuador
    and Venezuela
    Southern Andes- Argentina and Chile
    Appalachians
    Oldest mountain system in America
    Ordovician Period, approximately 480
    M years ago
    The range is composed of 40 peaks
    that reach over 6 000 feet.
    Mount Mitchell in Northern Carolina,
    6684 ft.
    Alps

    Largest mountain system in Europe


    Extend from southeastern France and
    northern Italy, most of Switzerland,
    part of South Germany and some
    portion of Austria and Yugoslavia
    Towering peaks is approximately 8000
    feet and covered with ice and snow.
    Mont Blanc in Pennine Alps France
    Rocky Mountain
    Major mountain range in Western
    North America
    ‘’Rockies’’, are group of jagged,
    snow-capped peaks
    New Mexico, British Columbia,
    North Alberta Canada and US of
    America
    Approximate length is 6, 035 km
    Great Dividing Range
    A mountain range that forms a Watershed
    Eastern Highlands
    Australia’s most substantial mountain range
    and third longest land-based in the world
    The crest of the range is defined by the
    watershed or boundary between the drainage
    basins of rivers that drain directly eastward
    into the Pacific Ocean while those at the east
    side flow toward the central lowlands up to
    the Gold of Carpentaria.
    Carboniferous Period, 300 M years
    SELF-CHECK
    Orogeny

     refers to the forces and events that lead to a large structural


    deformation of Earth’s lithosphere.
    Orogenesis

     What do you call the process where deformed rock called orogens or
    orogenic belts are formed as the continental plate is crumpled and
    pushed upward?
    Mountain Range

     This is the succession of many closely spaced mountains covering a


    particular portion of Earth.
    - Accumulation of Sediments
    - Orogenic Period of Rock Deformation and Crustal Uplift
    - Period of Crustal Uplift Caused by Isostatic Rebound and Block Faulting

     What are the three stages of mountain building?


    Alps

     Largest mountain system in Europe


    Great Dividing Range

     This is a mountain range that forms a watershed and that was formed
    300M years ago.
    Andes

     Longest mountain chain in the world – West Coast of South America


    from Cape Horn to Panama, distance of 4500 miles.
    Himalayas

     What are highest mountain system and also the youngest in the world?
    AN INVESTMENT IN
    KNOWLEDGE PAYS THE
    BEST INTEREST.
    - BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

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