G10 SL 5 - Mountain Ranges Ay 2021-2022

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 10th GRADE SCIENCE
Supplementary Lesson No. 5 1st GRADING A.Y. 2021 - 2022
Name:_____________________________________________________________________
Surname First Name M.I.
Grade:__________________ Section:___________________________________________
TOPIC: MOUNTAIN RANGE
Earth’s crust is not all in one, according to plate tectonics, the lithosphere is broken into huge plates that
slide under, over, and past each other, resulting in mountain building, volcanism, earthquakes, and other
phenomena. Orogeny refers to the forces and events that lead to a large structural deformation on earth’s
lithosphere. During orogenesis deformed rocks called orogens or orogenic belts are formed as the
continental plate is crumpled and pushed upward. The end product of this geological process is a landmass
we simply call a mountain.
For some people, a mountain may refer to a place that has an elevation that is significantly higher than its
surrounding area, but geologically speaking, the word refers to a large and elevated landform that is
formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. Mountains have steep, sloping sides and sharp or slightly
rounded ridges and peaks. The primary features of a mountain include the top or summit. The slope or
side of the mountain, and a very steep valley between young mountains known as the gorge.
Mountain Range
Mountain range refers to mountains formed in the same age and with the same process arranged in
narrow and long belts. A mountain range is a succession of many closely spaced mountains covering a
particular portion of Earth. It may consist of several valleys and river channels formed by water rushing
down from melting glaciers that run roughly to each other are collectively termed as mountain belts. In
general, all mountain ranges are composed of several peaks, and each of these peaks has its own physical
features. They share the property of high and hold a vast amount of water in their area. While the specific
weather condition in a specific mountain range depends on its location on earth, most of them are subject
to drastic changes in temperature and weather that happens from moment to moment.
Mountain at Convergent Boundaries
Mountains form when Earth’s crust folds and

crumples. Where do you think it happens?
Tectonic plates are rigid pieces of lithosphere.
The center of these rigid plates usually does not
fold as a result of collisions. Folding and
crumpling usually occur at the edges of plates.
This is why most mountains form near plate
boundaries. Recall that volcanoes form at
convergent plate boundaries where one plate
subducts under the other. These volcanoes
form volcanic mountain chains along the plate
boundaries. The Andes in South America and
the Cascade range in North America formed this
way. When two continents collide at a
convergent plate boundary, large mountain ranges form. The tectonic plates are under extreme pressure
and fold or crumple upward. The Himalayas formed as the Indian Plate converged with the Eurasian Plate.
The Himalayas are the largest and highest mountain range in the world, and they are still growing. The
Earth’s tallest mountain, the Himalayas formed at the convergent plate boundary between the Indian plate
and the Eurasian Plate.
Does mountain building occur along plate boundaries?
Mountains are “built up” through pressures on the Earth's crust when plates collide. Where do
mountain ranges occur in relation to tectonic plates? Most form at the plate boundary edges because of
collisions.
Most divergent plate boundaries are underwater and form submarine mountain ranges called oceanic

spreading ridges. While the process of forming these mountain ranges is volcanic, volcanoes and
earthquakes along oceanic spreading ridges are not as violent as they are at
convergent plate boundaries .Mountains are “built up” through pressures on the Earth's crust
when plates collide. Where do mountain ranges occur in relation to tectonic plates? Most form at
the plate boundary edges because of collisions.
Earth is a home for many mountain ranges. These are

the mountain ranges in the world.
1. The Himalayas range is the highest mountain system

and also the youngest in the world. Its origin dates back
to the Jurassic Era, which is about 80 million years ago. The name “Himalaya” comes from the Sanskrit
language and means the “House of Snow” or the “ Snow Range” It consists of several parallel ranges.
It is home to the world’s highest peaks including

Mount Everest, which is located on the border
between Tibet and Nepal with a peak of 8,848 meters
above sea level.
2. Andes- considered as the longest mountain chain

in the world, The Andes Mountains stretch along the
entire west coast of South America Many Andean
peaks rise over 20,000 feet. It is believed that the
Andes is a Mesozoic-Tertiary orogenic belt of
mountains along the Pacific Ring of Fire. They were
created due to plate tectonic processes caused by the
compression of the western rim of the South
American Plate. Due to the subduction of the Nazca
Plate and Antarctic Plate, the Landmass rose into
great heights. Because of its location, the Andes is a
region for earthquake belts and active volcanoes.
3. The Appalachians – Oldest mountain range in

North America - The Appalachians are the primary
mountain system of the eastern Northern America.
The Appalachians stretch southwestward for about
1,500 miles from Quebec in Canada to central
Alabama in the United States.
4. The Alps – Largest Mountain system in Europe. They extend from Southeastern France and Northern
Italy, most of Switzerland, part of southern Germany, and some portions of Austria and Yugoslavia. The
towering peaks of the Alps, which is approximately 8,000 feet and covered with ice and snow, are
considered as the most magnificent natural sight in the continent. Alpine orogeny was an episodic process
that started about 300 million years ago.During the
Paleozoic Era, The Pangaea is the continent on earth
separated into two continents, Laurasia and
Gondwanaland.
5. Rocky Mountain – Major Mountain range in

Western North America – Informally known as the
Rocky Mountain are groups of jagged, snow-capped
peaks that run through the western part of Northern
America. The Rockies include all uplands and
mountains of New Mexico, British Columbia, and
north Alberta in Canada and the United States of America.
The approximate length of this range is 6,035 kilometers.
Many mountain communities live under the threat of

earthquakes and volcanic eruptions caused by shifting
Tectonic plates. Gravity pushing down on sloping land
compounds the destructive power of storms and heavy
rains, producing avalanches, landslides and floods.
References
Integrated I Science10 McGraw Hill Education 2016

Science for the 21st Century Learner 2015 Diwa Learning Town

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JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 10th GRADE SCIENCE

Supplementary Lesson No. 5 1st GRADING A.Y. 2021 - 2022

TOPIC: MOUNTAIN RANGE

Mountain at Convergent Boundaries

Mountains form when Earth’s crust folds and

Does mountain building occur along plate boundaries?

Most divergent plate boundaries are underwater and form submarine mountain ranges called oceanic

Earth is a home for many mountain ranges. These are

1. The Himalayas range is the highest mountain system

It is home to the world’s highest peaks including

2. Andes- considered as the longest mountain chain

3. The Appalachians – Oldest mountain range in

5. Rocky Mountain – Major Mountain range in

Many mountain communities live under the threat of

Integrated I Science10 McGraw Hill Education 2016

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