Doh 06

IMPACT OF UNDERNUTRITION
AND OBESITY ON THE

DEVELOPMENT OF ILL HEALTH
BY K. KANJIRAWAYA
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Nutritional requirements is the amount of
various food substances in food needed by an
organism to sustain a healthy life.
 The body requires all the necessary nutrients
to grow effectively ( proteins, carbohydrates,

lipids and fats etc)
 Different groups of people have different
nutritional status. E.g. Pregnant women,
children, adult males and females and older
adults
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
PREGNANT WOMEN
 Pregnant women need to eat balanced diet
because they are the main source of nutrients
to the unborn baby.
 Calcium
 Iron
 Vitamin A, C, D, B6, B12
 Folate (folic Acid)
 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF EACH
NUTRIENT????
 CALCIUM
 Helps to build strong bones and teeth
 Sources; milk, cheese, yoghurt and sardines
 1000 mg is needed daily
 IRON
 Helps blood cells deliver oxygen to your baby
 SOURCES
 Red meat, dried beans, peas, iron fortified cereals
 27mg is needed daily
 VITAMIN A
 For healthy skin, eye sight and bone growth
 SOURCES; carrots, sweet potatoes, etc
 770mcg is required during pregnancy
 VITAMIN C
 Promotes healthy gums, teeth and bones
 Helps the body to absorb iron
 SOURCES; tomatoes, citrus fruits,
strawberries
 85mg daily is required during pregnancy
 VITAMIN D
 Helps to build baby’s bones and teeth
 Aids the body to absorb calcium
 SOURCES; exposure to sunlight, milk, fatty
fish,
 600 iu is needed during pregnancy daily
 VITAMIN B6
 For the formation of RBC
 Helps your body to use fat, protein and
carbohydrates
 SOURCES; beef, liver pork whole grain cereals
and bananas
 1.9 mg is needed daily
 VITAMIN B12
 To form RBC
 Helps to maintain nervous system
 SOURCES; liver, meat, fish, poultry and milk
 2.6 mcg is needed daily
 FOLATE ( FOLIC ACID)
 For production of blood and proteins
 Also reduces the risk of neural tube defects
( birth defect of brain and the spinal cord)

 SOURCES; Green leafy vegetables, liver,
oranges, legumes, etc

NURTITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
CHILDREN
1.PROTEINS
 To build body cells
 To break down food into energy
 To fight infections
 To carry oxygen
SOURCES
 Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, beans
2. CARBOHYDRATES
 They are the most important source of energy
 They help the body to use fats and proteins
 SOURCES
 Rice, potatoes, breads, pasta, cereals
3. FATS
 Great source of energy
 Also help the body to use some of other
nutrients
 SOURCES
 Cooking oils, meat, fish, nuts
OTHER NUTRIENTS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
4. Calcium
5.Iron
6.Folate
7. Vitamin A
8. Vitamin C
9. Fiber ( helps to produce bowel regularity in a
child
 Sources; Whole grain cereals, nuts, kidney
beans etc
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
OLDER ADULTS
 Calcium
 Vitamin D
 Vitamin B12
 Dietary fiber
 Potassium ( to lower the risk of high blood
pressure)
Nutritional requirements for adult
males and females
 Calories
 Proteins
 Fibers
 Calcium
 Iron
 Folate
 NB: adult men need more calories, proteins
and fibers than women
 Adult women need more iron, calcium, iron
and folate than men
FACTORS WHICH CAN LEAD TO
UNDERNUTRITION
 Lack of access to balanced diet
 Financial constraints
 Lack of education about food issues
 Seasonal effects ( affects the availability of
certain food)
 Cultural and gender issues affecting the food
available to women and children

IMPACTS OF UNDERNUTRITION ON
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 Increases child mortality from infections
especially diarrhea and respiratory infections
 Affects child’s physical development
 Low birth weight
 Undernutrition affects the cognitive growth of
children
OBESITY
 A disorder involving excessive body fat that
increases the risk of health problems
 Obesity occurs when the person’s body mass
index is 30 or greater
 It often results from taking in more calories
than those that are burned by exercise and

normal daily activities
Overweight and obesity is measured by a body mass
index (BMI) greater than 25.
ILLNESSES ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY
 Type 2 Diabetes
 Coronary Heart diseases
 Hypertension
 Stroke
 Some types of cancer ( gallbladder cancer and
esophageal adenocarcinoma)
 Mental illness such as clinical depression,
anxiety
WAYS OF IMPROVING NUTRITION
 Keep reasonable amount of daily calorie
intake
 Eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
lean proteins and low fat dairy products

 Reduce sodium intake
 Drink more water and other unsweetened
beverages
 Practice mindful eating (enjoy your food but
eat less)
NUTRITION AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
NUTRITION AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
 SDGs are set of 17 goals with specific targets aimed at
ending poverty, protecting the planet and ensuring
prosperity of all by 2030
 GLOBAL COMMITMENT TO TACKLE UNDERNUTRITION

AND HUNGER
 specific goals were assigned to tackle nutrition globally;
 DG2-Zero hunger
 End hunger, Achieve food security and improved
nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
 SDG1-No poverty
 “End poverty and all its forms everywhere”-
 SDG 3 relates to good health and well-being for
a healthy life
 SDGs 4 and 5 are also closely related to
nutrition- quality education and equality in

gender:
 Thus, education and health for girls and
mothers, is very important for infant health.

 Goal 12 calls for responsible consumption and
production-for sustainability.
 Goal 13 calls on climate action to improve
nutrition.
REFERENCES
 UNICEF (2013). Improving Child Nutrition:
The achievable imperative for global
progress.
 Ali, A.T. (2015). Health risks associated with

obesity. JEMDA, 10 (2).
 WHO (2018). Obesity fact sheet

Doh 06

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Doh 06

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Doh 06

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IMPACT OF UNDERNUTRITION

AND OBESITY ON THE

to grow effectively ( proteins, carbohydrates,

( birth defect of brain and the spinal cord)

oranges, legumes, etc

available to women and children

than those that are burned by exercise and

lean proteins and low fat dairy products

 GLOBAL COMMITMENT TO TACKLE UNDERNUTRITION

nutrition- quality education and equality in

mothers, is very important for infant health.

 Ali, A.T. (2015). Health risks associated with

 WHO (2018). Obesity fact sheet

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.