Lesson 1

Comparison and
Contrast
 Distinguish between and
Learning among patterns of
Competency development in writing
1 across disciplines
(comparison and
contrast) (EN11/12RWS-
IIIbf-3.5).
 Objectives

● identify the features and functions of comparison

and contrast in writing; and
● use comparison and contrast in writing.
Essential Question

What makes comparison and contrast different

from other patterns of development in writing?
 Warm Up!

Think-Pair-Share

1. Look for a partner.

2. Choose two subjects that you would like to compare and
contrast.
3. Use a Venn diagram to show their similarities and
differences.
 Review

● What are the different patterns of

development in writing?
● What is the importance of transitional
signals or words in writing?
 Learn about It!

Comparison
● done to illustrate how people, things, places, events,
situations, or even ideas are similar to each other
● done by making a list of similar characteristics or qualities for
each point of comparison
● signaled by words such as also, like, both, as . . . as, similarly, in
the same way, equally important, and likewise
 Learn about It!

Example:

Prose and poetry are often differentiated from each other, but these
two also have similarities. For one, both of them are common forms
of literature that use lines to express ideas. Another similarity
between them is that they can be artistic and use either
straightforward language or idiomatic expressions. They also often
use descriptive language and imagery in order to appeal to the
readers’ senses and give them a vivid picture of what is being
described. Lastly, both prose and poetry may be used as ways to
creatively express a point.
 Learn about It!

Contrast
● done to illustrate how people, things, places, events,
situations, or ideas are different from each other
● done by making a list of the characteristics or qualities of
the subjects and then identifying the differences between
them
● signaled by words such as but, however, though, on the
other hand, and in contrast
 Learn about It!

Example:

Knowledge and wisdom are considered by many as synonyms, but

they are actually two different things. Knowledge is the body of
data and facts that one has learned about. It is made up of
information that has been acquired through study, by
investigation, by observation, or by experience. Wisdom, on the
other hand, is the ability to know when one’s knowledge is right
and applicable to one’s life. It involves knowing when and how to
use that knowledge in order to make good decisions.
 Learn about It!

A paragraph that shows comparison and contrast has a

unifying idea or purpose. There must be a balance in such a
way that there is an equal amount of information for each
subject to avoid bias.
 Learn about It!

Example:

Many think that the fields of information technology and

computer science are the same. However, although both fields
utilize computer technology, there are some ways that the two
differ from each other. An information technology specialist, for
example, works on existing technology, while those whose work is
related to computer science focus on algorithms and software
development. Still, it is undeniable that both fields help find ways
to solve problems using technology, which leads to work
productivity and efficiency.
 Writing Prompts

Answer the following writing prompts:

● Write a four-sentence paragraph on the similarities of goals

and plans.
● What is the significance of identifying the similarities and
differences of national issues? Explain in a paragraph.
● Research on the similarities and differences of the United
States of America and China in terms of common government
policies and associations with the Philippines. Then, write an
outline of your findings.
 Writing Prompts

Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score

(1 point) (2–3 points) (4–5 points)
Content/ The output is The output is The output is well-
Substance unsubstantiated with substantiated with substantiated with
significant supporting some significant significant supporting
details. supporting details. details.
Organization The ideas are not The ideas are clearly The ideas are clearly
clearly and logically presented, but an and logically
presented. idea or two are not presented.
logically sequenced.
 Writing Prompts
Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score
(1 point) (2–3 points) (4–5 points)
Unity The written output The written output The written output
does not use any uses limited uses appropriate
transitional signals. transitional signals. A transitional signals.
The sentences do not sentence or two are All the sentences flow
flow smoothly, and seemingly unrelated smoothly from one to
some sentences are to the topic. another.
unrelated to the
topic.
Language There are seven or There are four to six There are zero to
(spelling, more language language errors. three language
grammar, errors. errors.
mechanics, and
word choice)
 Values Integration

How do you think comparing and contrasting yourself

with other people can be detrimental to or helpful to
you?
 Synthesis

1. Work with a partner for this task.

2. Retrieve the outline you created for the third writing
prompt in the evaluation task.
3. Exchange outlines with your partner.
4. Using your partner’s outline, write a comparison and
contrast essay. You may add details as necessary.
5. After the activity, answer the following questions:
a. What were the difficulties you encountered in writing an
essay based on an outline you did not write?
b. Do you find writing a comparison and contrast essay
easy or difficult? Why?
 Synthesis

Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score

(1 point) (2–3 points) (4–5 points)
Content/ The output is The output is The output is well-
Substance unsubstantiated with substantiated with substantiated with
significant supporting some significant significant supporting
details. supporting details. details.
Organization The ideas are not The ideas are clearly The ideas are clearly
clearly and logically presented, but an and logically
presented. idea or two are not presented.
logically sequenced.
 Synthesis
Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score
(1 point) (2–3 points) (4–5 points)
Unity The written output The written output The written output
does not use any uses limited uses appropriate
transitional signals. transitional signals. A transitional signals.
The sentences do not sentence or two are All the sentences flow
flow smoothly, and seemingly unrelated smoothly from one to
some sentences are to the topic. another.
unrelated to the
topic.
Language There are seven or There are four to six There are zero to
(spelling, more language language errors. three language
grammar, errors. errors.
mechanics, and
word choice)
 Assignment

Write a four-paragraph reflection on how you see

yourself as a person/student compared and contrasted
to how other people see you.
Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score
(1 point) (2–3 points) (4–5 points)
Content/ The output is The output is The output is well-
Substance unsubstantiated with substantiated with substantiated with
significant supporting some significant significant supporting
details. supporting details. details.
Organization The ideas are not The ideas are clearly The ideas are clearly
clearly and logically presented, but an and logically
presented. idea or two are not presented.
logically sequenced.
Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score
(1 point) (2–3 points) (4–5 points)
Unity The written output The written output The written output
does not use any uses limited uses appropriate
transitional signals. transitional signals. A transitional signals.
The sentences do not sentence or two are All the sentences flow
flow smoothly, and seemingly unrelated smoothly from one to
some sentences are to the topic. another.
unrelated to the
topic.
Language There are seven or There are four to six There are zero to
(spelling, more language language errors. three language
grammar, errors. errors.
mechanics, and
word choice)
Score: