Science PPT Unit 8 - 1

8 Making Use of Electricity 中 /EN
Flipped classroom
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8.1 Introducing electricity and simple circuits
A. The importance of
electricity
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When there was no electricity

in the past…
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Electricity is very important in our
modern lives…
Electrical
appliances
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Electricity is very important in our
modern lives…
Transportation Communication
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B. Conditions needed
for electricity to flow
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For an electrical appliance to work, it must

be connected to a source of electricity and
there is a path for electricity to flow.
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This path is called an electric circuit.

(or a circuit for short)
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An electric circuit has three basic
components:
1. Source of electricity and electrical energy
electric
cell
mains
socket
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components:
2. Device using electrical energy
light fan
bulb
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components:
3. Wire connecting different parts
of the circuit together
electric wire
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Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video
Finding the conditions

needed for electricity
to flow
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1. Your teacher will give you the following

circuit components.
- + - +
electric cells with a

battery holder
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circuit components.
light bulb
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circuit components.
connecting wires
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2. Using the circuit components given,

design a circuit that makes the bulb light
up. Draw a diagram to show your design.
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3. Connect the circuit after getting your

teacher’s approval.
Does the bulb light up?
(Answers may vary.)
____________________
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4. Set up the following circuits one by one.

Observe if the bulb lights up.
A - + - + B - + - +
. .
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4. Set up the following circuits one by one.

Observe if the bulb lights up.
C D - + - +
. .
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4. Complete the table below.

Your design
A B C D
in Step 2
Does the bulb light up? yes no no no yes
Is there an electric cell in yes yes yes no yes
the circuit?
Is there a complete path
from one end of the yes no no no yes
electric cell to the other?
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Discussion
Based on your results, write the TWO
conditions needed for electricity to flow.
Condition 1:
________________________________
There are electric cells in the circuit.
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Discussion
Based on your results, write the TWO
conditions needed for electricity to flow.
Condition 2:
________________________________
There is a complete path from one end
________________________________
of the electric cell to the other.
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In Experiment 8.1…
1
The bulb lights up
only when there is a source of

electrical energy (an electric cell).
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2
There must be a complete path for
electricity to flow from one end of
the electric cell to the other.
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This circuit is called a closed circuit.
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If there is a gap in the circuit, electricity
cannot flow. This circuit is called an
open circuit.
gap
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When electricity flows through the circuit…
Chemical energy in the

electric cell
Electric energy
Light energy and thermal energy

released by the light bulb
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A dangerous circuit we should never connect

We should never connect a circuit that does
not include any devices using electrical energy.
Otherwise, the circuit would overheat, which
would cause danger.
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Types of electric cells
Dry cell
-common in daily life
Wet cell
-used in cars
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closed
A ______________ circuit with a
source
______________ of electrical energy
is required for electricity to flow.
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8.1 e-Checkpoint 8.1
1. True or false
(a) Electricity can flow in an open

F
circuit with an electric cell.
(b) An electric cell is a source of

T
electrical energy.
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2. In each of the following circuits, does the bulb

light up?
(a (b
) )
Yes / No Yes / No
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2. In each of the following circuits, does the bulb

light up?
(c (d
) )
Yes / No Yes / No
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C. Electrical conductors
and insulators
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Which objects allow

electricity to flow?
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1. Connect a circuit as shown.
- + - +
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2. How can you modify the circuit in Step 1

to test if the given objects allow electricity
to flow?
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2. Complete the diagram below to show the

modified circuit.
- + - +
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2. In the test, how do you know if the object

allows electricity to flow through?
__________________________________
If the object allows electricity to flow through,
__________________________________
the bulb will light up.
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3. Connect the circuit. Use it to test each

given object and also some other objects
around you.
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3. Record the results in the table below.

Does the bulb light Does the object allow
Object
up? electricity to flow through?
(Answers may vary.)
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Discussion
Think of the objects that allow electricity to
flow through in your test. What material
are these objects made of?
___________________________________
Metals
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Some materials allow electricity to

flow through them. They are called
electrical conductors.
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Good electrical conductors:

metals such as copper, aluminium, and iron
copper
plastic
Electric wires are
usually made of copper
to conduct electricity.
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Overhead power lines

are made of aluminium
to conduct electricity.
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graphite
Graphite conducts
electricity, but only
weakly.
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Materials that do not allow electricity

to flow through them are called
electrical insulators.
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Examples:
Plastic, glass and wood
The handles of the tools

used by an electrician are
plastic usually made of plastic. Do
handles you know why?
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Conductors in a smartphone
As much as 15% of the mass of a smartphone
comes from copper. It is used to make the parts
that conduct electricity between different
components in the smartphone.
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• Materials that allow electricity to

flow through them are called
conductors
________________.
• Materials that do not allow
electricity to flow through them
insulators
are called ________________.
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D. Switches
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Studying how a
switch works
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1. Observe a switch carefully.

Are the parts P, Q and R of the switch
conductors or insulators?
R
P
insulator
P: _____________
conductor
Q: _____________ Q
conductor
R: _____________
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2. Use the switch to connect the circuit

below.
3. Close the switch and observe if the bulb
lights up. - +- +
4. Open the switch and
observe if the bulb
lights up.
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5. For electricity to flow in the circuit,

(a) should the switch be open or
closed?
___________________________
Closed
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5. (b) Complete the drawing of the switch

and show the path of electricity
flowing through it.
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6. Observe other switches and circle the

parts which are conductors.
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7. Repeat Steps 2 to 4 using these switches.

Study how we can use them to start or
stop the flow of electricity in a circuit.
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A switch can be used to

open or close a circuit.
switch of a
hairdryer
switch of a computer screen
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When the switch is closed…

switch (closed)
The circuit is complete. Electricity flows

in the circuit and the torch lights up.
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When the switch is open…

switch (open) gap
There is a gap in the circuit. The circuit

becomes incomplete and no electricity
flows in the circuit.
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switch
A _______________ is used to open
or close a circuit.
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True or false
(a) Copper is a good electrical

T
conductor.
(b) Some non-metals can conduct T

electricity.
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True or false
(c) We close the switch of a circuit

to make the circuit complete. T
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Science PPT Unit 8 - 1

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8 Making Use of Electricity 中 /EN

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

When there was no electricity

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

For an electrical appliance to work, it must

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

This path is called an electric circuit.

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

1. Source of electricity and electrical energy

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

2. Device using electrical energy

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

Finding the conditions

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

1. Your teacher will give you the following

electric cells with a

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

1. Your teacher will give you the following

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

1. Your teacher will give you the following

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

2. Using the circuit components given,

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

3. Connect the circuit after getting your

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

4. Set up the following circuits one by one.

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

4. Set up the following circuits one by one.

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

4. Complete the table below.

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Experiment 8.1 Watch the Expt. video

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

only when there is a source of

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

This circuit is called a closed circuit.

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Chemical energy in the

Light energy and thermal energy