Cohesive Devices Week 7

USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN
VARIOUS TYPES OF SPEECH

CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions are words that link other words,

phrases, or clauses together.
Example:
I like cooking and eating, but I don’t like washing
dishes afterward. Sophie is clearly
exhausted, yet she insists on dancing till dawn.
CONJUNCTIONS
Subordinating
conjunctions join
Coordinating independent and
conjunctions allow you dependent clauses.
to join words, phrases,
Correlative
conjunctions are pairs Common subordinating
and clauses of equal of conjunctions that conjunctions
grammatical rank in a work together. Some are because, since, as,
sentence. The most examples are either/or, although, though,
common coordinating neither/nor, and not while, and whereas.
conjunctions are for, only/but also. Sometimes an adverb,
and, nor, but, or, such as until,
yet, and so; after, or before can
function as a
conjunction.
COORDINATING
Example
• I’d like pizza or a salad for lunch. We needed a place to concentrate, so we
packed up our things and went to the library.
SUBORDINATING EXAMPLE
• I can stay out until the clock strikes twelve.
CORRELATIVE
EXAMPLE
• Not only am I finished studying for English, but I’m also finished writing
my history essay.
WHAT IS COHERENCE?
Coherence in a piece of writing means that the reader can

easily understand it. Coherence is about making everything
flow smoothly. The reader can see that everything is logically
arranged and connected, and relevance to the central focus of
the essay is maintained throughout.
TWO KEY ASPECTS OF COHERENCE
Cohesion Unity
• This relates to the linking of • This relates to the question of
ideas within a sentence, the relevance and maintaining the
linking of sentences (the ties central focus of a single
between sentences) within a paragraph and throughout the
paragraph and the linking essay.
between paragraphs.
HOW CAN COHERENCE BE ACHIEVED?
TRANSITIONS
• Transition words and phrases order ideas – by time, cause, or other relation.
They alert the reader that the course of the paper is about to change. They can
be useful at the beginning of a paragraph, at the end of one, or even within a
sentence to signal a shift in emphasis or direction.
again, also, and, and then, besides, equally
ADDITION
important, finally, first, further, furthermore, in
addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next,
second, still, too
Example:
In addition, all her planning and
tenacity were paying off.
I'm not interested in what you are

selling, and furthermore, I asked
your company not to contact me
ever again.
COMPARISON
also, in the same way, likewise, similarly
School meals need to be

marketed to children in
the same way as other
food.
granted, naturally, of course
CONCESSION
Naturally he wouldn't say

anything about his meeting
with the other man.
although, and yet, at the same time, despite
CONTRAST
that, even so, even though, for all that,
however, in contrast, in spite of, instead,
nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary,
Although she had said the words "I love you,"
several times, he had not uttered them.
on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still,
though, yet, while
certainly, indeed, in fact, of course
EMPHASIS
Certainly she had been

under a lot of stress.
SUMMARY
• all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally,
in brief, in conclusion, in other words, in
particular, in short, in simpler terms, in
In conclusion, I would like summary, on the whole, that is, therefore, to
to say how much I have put it differently, to summarize
enjoyed myself today.
after a while, afterward, again, also, as long as,
at last, at length, at that time, before, besides,
TIME SEQUENCE earlier, eventually, finally, formerly, further,
furthermore, in addition, in the first place, in
the past, last, lately, meanwhile, moreover,
He wore headphones and spoke next, now, presently, second, shortly,
simultaneously, since, so far, soon, still,
into a subsequently, then, thereafter, too, until, until
microphone, simultaneously res now, when
ponding to half a dozen chat
windows open on this
computer.
CONDITIONAL
• In that case, otherwise, so
"The traffic could be heavy

tomorrow." " In that case, we
better leave early."

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USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN

VARIOUS TYPES OF SPEECH

Conjunctions are words that link other words,

Coherence in a piece of writing means that the reader can

I'm not interested in what you are

School meals need to be

Naturally he wouldn't say

Certainly she had been

"The traffic could be heavy

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