Perception: - Dr. Preeti Surkutwar

PERCEPTION
-Dr. Preeti Surkutwar

MEANING
 Perception is the process by which
individuals organize and interpret their
sensory impression in order to give meaning
to their environment.
- Stephen Robins
 However what we perceive may be different
from objective reality.
WHY STUDY OF PERCEPTION IS
IMPORTANT IN OB
 People’s behavior is based on their
perception of what reality is, not on reality
itself.
 As we behave on what we perceive the study
is very important in OB.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
PERCEPTION
 Factors in the perceiver
 Factors in the target
 Factors in the situation
1. Factors in the perceiver- Attitudes,

motives, interest, experience &
expectation.
2. Factors in the target- Novelty, motions,
sound, size, background, proximity &
similarity.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
PERCEPTION
 Factors in the situation- Time, work setting,
personal setting
 What is the difference between Perception &

Attitude
 Attitude is how you feel or believe about the
things & intend to act towards things.
Attitude is state of our mind.
 Perception is how you look at the things.
Perception is way of our thinking.
PERCEPTUAL PROCESS
PERSON’S PERCEPTION: MAKING
JUDGMENTS ABOUT OTHERS
 Application about the theory of perception
concepts most relevant to OB- Person’s
perception, or the perception people form
about each other.
 Attribution Theory: Attribute means quality
characteristics feature or trait. The
attribution theory explain the ways in which
we try to judge the people differently.
 When we observe individual behavior we
attempt to examine whether it was
internally caused or externally caused.
FACTORS DETERMINING
ATTRIBUTES
 Internally caused behavior are those we
believe are to be under the personal control
of the individual. Example: If a person is late
for his job the manager may assume that he
may be late due to oversleeping
 Externally caused behavior what we
imagine the situation forced individual to do.
Example: If a person is late for his job the
manager may assume that he may be late
because he may have stuck in traffic.
DETERMINANTS OF
PERCEPTION
 Distinctiveness
 Consensus
 Consistency
1. Distinctiveness- Refers to whether an

individual displays different behavior in
different situations.
2. Consensus- If everyone who faces the
similar situation responds in the similar
way we can say the behaviour shows the
consensus.
DETERMINANTS OF
PERCEPTION
 Consistency- An observer looks for the
consistency in the person’s behavior.
Whether the person is responding the same
way over a period of time.
DETERMINANTS OF
PERCEPTION
SOCIAL PERCEPTION/ERRORS IN
PERCEPTION
 Common shortcuts used for judging others-
 Halo effect
 Stereotyping
SOCIAL PERCEPTION
 The social aspect of perception, are given
detailed coverage because the play an
important role in organizational behaviour.
 Social perception is directly concerned with
how one individual perceives other
individual; how we get to know others.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
PERCEIVER
 Knowing oneself make it easier to see others
accurately
 One’s own characteristics one is likely to see
in others
 People who accept themselves are more
likely to see favourable in others.
 Accuracy in perceiving others is not a single
skill.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
PERCEIVED
 Visible traits of a person perceived will
greatly influence the other’s perception.
 The status of the person will greatly
influence the other’s perception of the
perceived.
 The role of the person will greatly influence
the other’s perception of the perceived.
HALO EFFECT
 The term halo effect refers to the tendency

of perceiving the person on a single trait.
 It is the common error made during
performance appraisal
 A person is judged on the single trait like
 Appearance
 Intelligence
 Co-operativeness
 Dependability
STEREOTYPING
 The term halo effect refers to the tendency

of perceiving a person as belonging to single
class or category.
 Stereotyping may attribute favourable or
unfavorable traits to person being perceived.
 Most often a person is put to stereotype
because the perceiver know only the overall
category to which person belongs.
 Common stereotype groups are:
 Managers
 Union members
STEREOTYPING
 Young people
 White collar people

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PERCEPTION

-Dr. Preeti Surkutwar

1. Factors in the perceiver- Attitudes,

 What is the difference between Perception &

1. Distinctiveness- Refers to whether an

 The term halo effect refers to the tendency

 The term halo effect refers to the tendency

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