Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 612 views

    The Production of Speech Sounds

    Uploaded by

    Carolina Conde
    The production of speech sounds involves four key processes: initiation, phonation, oro-nasal, and articulation. Initiation involves air being pushed from the lungs through the vocal tract. Phonation occurs at the larynx where the vocal folds can be positioned in ways that determine if a sound is voiced or voiceless. The oro-nasal process involves the position of the velum, which directs air to either the oral or nasal cavities. Finally, articulation takes place in the mouth where speech sounds are distinguished by their place and manner of articulation using various articulators like the lips, teeth, and tongue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Production of Speech Sounds

    Uploaded by

    Carolina Conde
    612 views10 pages
    The production of speech sounds involves four key processes: initiation, phonation, oro-nasal, and articulation. Initiation involves air being pushed from the lungs through the vocal tract. Phonation occurs at the larynx where the vocal folds can be positioned in ways that determine if a sound is voiced or voiceless. The oro-nasal process involves the position of the velum, which directs air to either the oral or nasal cavities. Finally, articulation takes place in the mouth where speech sounds are distinguished by their place and manner of articulation using various articulators like the lips, teeth, and tongue.

    Original Title

    The Production of speech sounds

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The production of speech sounds involves four key processes: initiation, phonation, oro-nasal, and articulation. Initiation involves air being pushed from the lungs through the vocal tract. Phonation occurs at the larynx where the vocal folds can be positioned in ways that determine if a sound is voiced or voiceless. The oro-nasal process involves the position of the velum, which directs air to either the oral or nasal cavities. Finally, articulation takes place in the mouth where speech sounds are distinguished by their place and manner of articulation using various articulators like the lips, teeth, and tongue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    612 views10 pages

    The Production of Speech Sounds

    Uploaded by

    Carolina Conde
    The production of speech sounds involves four key processes: initiation, phonation, oro-nasal, and articulation. Initiation involves air being pushed from the lungs through the vocal tract. Phonation occurs at the larynx where the vocal folds can be positioned in ways that determine if a sound is voiced or voiceless. The oro-nasal process involves the position of the velum, which directs air to either the oral or nasal cavities. Finally, articulation takes place in the mouth where speech sounds are distinguished by their place and manner of articulation using various articulators like the lips, teeth, and tongue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 10

    THE PRODUCTION

    OF SPEECH SOUNDS
    ORGANS AND PROCESSES

    The production of speech sounds begins with a series of mental operations in


    the brain where the commands that will be executed by our speech organs are
    issued.

    After the mental operations we come to the physical production of sounds.

    This physical production of a speech sound may be divided into four


    processes:
    1- initiation
    2- phonation
    3- oro-nasal
    4- articulation
    1. THE INITIATION PROCESS

    Speech sounds are produced by an air stream that originates in the lungs
    and is pushed upwards through the trachea and the oral and nasal cavities.
    In other words, speech sounds are initiated by a pulmonic egressive air
    stream. This air stream provides the source of energy for speech.
    THE PHONATION PROCESS

    The phonation process occurs at the larynx (a cartilage casing) at the


    upper end of the trachea.
    The larynx contains two horizontal folds of tissue known as the vocal
    folds and the gap between these vocal folds is called the glottis.
    The vocal folds can be manipulated by the speaker and brought into a
    variety of positions which alter the shape of the glottis. The sound that
    will be produced depends on the shape that the glottis adopts.
    Three positions can be distinguished:

    1- closed glottis. The vocal folds are brought close together so that no air can pass
    between them. The speech sound resulting from the closure of the glottis is the
    glottal stop which can be heard preceding a forcefully pronounced vowel it can
    also replace [t] in words such as football, bottle, bit.

    2- Narrow glottis. When the vocal folds are brought together in such a way that
    only a narrow gap is left for the air stream to pass through, the passage of air
    makes the vocal folds vibrate. The resulting sound waves characterize voiced
    sounds.

    3- Open glottis. This is the state that the glottis assumes in normal breathing. The
    vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate. It results in the production of voiceless
    sounds.
    THE ORO-NASAL PROCESS

    Having passed through the larynx and the pharynx, the air stream can go either into the nasal cavity or
    the oral cavity. This is done by the velum (a soft flap of muscle and tissue in the back of the roof of
    the mouth). Its end –the uvula- is visible in a wide-open mouth.
    The velum can be manipulated by the speaker. It has two linguistically significant positions:

    1- raised velum: when the velum is raised and pressed against the back of the pharynx it prevents the
    entry of air into the nasal cavity. The air stream emerges through the oral cavity producing oral
    sounds like the vowels or consonants such as [v], [f] and [l]

    2- Lowered velum: when the velum is not raised against the back of the pharynx the air stream has
    access to the nasal cavity. If at the same time the oral cavity is blocked somewhere, the entire air
    stream passes through the nose and the result is a nasal sound such as in [m] and [n]
    THE ARTICULATION PROCESS

    Finally, the articulation process takes place in the mouth and through it we can differentiate most
    speech sounds.

    In the mouth we can distinguish between the oral cavity (which acts as a resonator) and the
    articulators which can be active or passive.
    The following are all the articulators:
    1- upper and lower lips
    2- upper and lower teeth
    3- tongue (tip, blade, front, back)
    4- roof of the mouth (alveolar ridge, palate and velum)

    So speech sounds are distinguished from each other in terms of place (where) and manner (how) of
    articulation.
    A)

    B)

    C)

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy