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    ME 221: Fluid Mechanics II Dr. Atul K. Soti: Section3: Compressible Flows Lecture 22: Normal Shocks Part 2

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    Shivang
    This document summarizes lecture notes on normal shocks from a fluid mechanics course taught by Dr. Atul K. Soti. It discusses the density ratio, entropy change, and relationships between various flow properties like temperature, pressure, velocity, and Mach number across normal shock waves. In particular, it derives an expression for the downstream Mach number in terms of the upstream Mach number for flows experiencing a normal shock.

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    ME 221: Fluid Mechanics II Dr. Atul K. Soti: Section3: Compressible Flows Lecture 22: Normal Shocks Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Shivang
    11 views9 pages
    This document summarizes lecture notes on normal shocks from a fluid mechanics course taught by Dr. Atul K. Soti. It discusses the density ratio, entropy change, and relationships between various flow properties like temperature, pressure, velocity, and Mach number across normal shock waves. In particular, it derives an expression for the downstream Mach number in terms of the upstream Mach number for flows experiencing a normal shock.

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    This document summarizes lecture notes on normal shocks from a fluid mechanics course taught by Dr. Atul K. Soti. It discusses the density ratio, entropy change, and relationships between various flow properties like temperature, pressure, velocity, and Mach number across normal shock waves. In particular, it derives an expression for the downstream Mach number in terms of the upstream Mach number for flows experiencing a normal shock.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views9 pages

    ME 221: Fluid Mechanics II Dr. Atul K. Soti: Section3: Compressible Flows Lecture 22: Normal Shocks Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Shivang
    This document summarizes lecture notes on normal shocks from a fluid mechanics course taught by Dr. Atul K. Soti. It discusses the density ratio, entropy change, and relationships between various flow properties like temperature, pressure, velocity, and Mach number across normal shock waves. In particular, it derives an expression for the downstream Mach number in terms of the upstream Mach number for flows experiencing a normal shock.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 9

    ME 221: Fluid Mechanics II

    Instructor

    Dr. Atul K. Soti


    Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Guwahati

    Section3: Compressible flows


    Lecture 22: Normal Shocks part 2
    Normal Shock
    • Density ratio across shock

    • Density ratio for isentropic flow

    • Change in entropy

    • The entropy change is negative if the pressure decreases across


    the shock, which violates the second law. Thus a rarefaction
    Density ratio and change in entropy for air ()
    shock is impossible in a perfect gas.

    ME221: Fluid Mech II Atul K Soti (Dept. Of ME, IITG) 2


    Mach Number relations
    • Weak shocks () are nearly isentropic.
    • Next we want to express different ratios in terms of upstream
    Mach number . Once again consider the energy equation

    • The stagnation temperatures can written in terms of respective


    Mach numbers

    ME221: Fluid Mech II Atul K Soti (Dept. Of ME, IITG) 3


    Mach Number relations
    • The ratio of downstream and upstream temperatures can be
    written as

    • Using the ideal gas equation and the continuity equation

    ME221: Fluid Mech II Atul K Soti (Dept. Of ME, IITG) 4


    Mach Number relations
    • Speed of sound

    • The density ratio can be found using the ideal gas equation

    ME221: Fluid Mech II Atul K Soti (Dept. Of ME, IITG) 5


    Mach Number relations

    • Velocity ratio is found using the continuity equation

    • Next, we consider the term in the momentum equation

    ME221: Fluid Mech II Atul K Soti (Dept. Of ME, IITG) 6


    Mach Number relations

    • Substituting the above into the momentum equation

    • Equating the two expressions for pressure ratio gives a relation


    between the upstream and downstream Mach numbers

    ME221: Fluid Mech II Atul K Soti (Dept. Of ME, IITG) 7


    Mach Number relations
    • Squaring both sides gives a quadratic equation in which on
    solving gives two possible solution

    • The first solution is trivial (flow with no shock).


    • The second solution reparents a shock.
    • Now consider the term

    ME221: Fluid Mech II Atul K Soti (Dept. Of ME, IITG) 8


    Mach Number relations

    • The pressure ration in terms of upstream Mach number is

    • We saw that pressure ratio is always greater than one across a


    shock, therefore for a shock

    • Thus for flow through a normal shock wave, the upstream


    Mach number must be supersonic to satisfy the second law of
    thermodynamics.

    ME221: Fluid Mech II Atul K Soti (Dept. Of ME, IITG) 9

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