Cultural and Linguistics Constraints On Mind-1

Cultural and Linguistic constraints on
mind
Group 3
Tahir Umeed Introduction part
Aqsa Akbar Middle part
Misra Zafar Body part
Fatima shahdad Conclusion
 Introduction
Culture: the life style, art, custom, and background of a nation.

Linguistic: the scientific study of a language. Its rules, regulations and
words arrangements in a language.
Constraints: unnatural manner or force which is applied to control
someone's mind.
 From here it is clear that the cultural and
linguistic constraints on mind is related to
cognition.
 The cognition is the process of acquiring or understanding knowledge
through thoughts, experiences and senses.
 The cognition is interconnected with Mind and thinking of mind.
 The exact relation between the body and human cognition and the
interpretations given to the terms “cognition” and “body”.
 The Theory Of Mind And Language(ToM).
o This field studies the nature of cognitive development in regards to human

comprehensions in concepts of their environment.
o It includes cognitive elements of personal beliefs, desires, emotions, thoughts,
perceptions and mental status.
o These elements put their efforts to create the language of human beings
according to their society. The human psyche is interconnected with their
language and language shapes their thoughts and thinking's.
 Linguistic acquisition
It’s very important because it is used for communicative abilities that

affect ToM.
The language development of early childhood is a basic procedure which
begins from birth.
The development of ToM requires the formation of specific cognitive
domains that will enable the child to form the concept of language.
The semantic and syntactic elements are very necessary to understand the
language.
Continue…
The early childhood is the foundation for cognitive learning. The

comprehension of linguistic input develops in childhood and progress
through personality traits, such as Self-confidence, Motivation and Aptitude
in child's home environment.
The ToM helps to explore interest within the discipline of language
development, social behavior, cultural and cognitive psychology of children.
The interest about particular fields develop in childhood and ToM helps to
comprehend and understand thought processes of these areas.
 Cultural effect on perception
 The culture share elements and wordings that provides standard

perceptions such as; bravery and mayarjahli in balochi culture
conveys the historical perception of Balochi culture.
 Culture shaping of cognitive processes
 The culture influences by content of thoughts which are shared through

the concepts of knowledge. The information and knowledge structures
share ideas about culture.
 Continues…
• Cultural models manage the ways by which people in their experiences

understand or guide action in a wide range of life domains.
An especially important kind of cultural model is a script (schank &
Abelson, 1977).
A script is an event scheme that demands the people who correctly take
part in the event, the social roles they play, the objects they use, the
sequence of actions they engage in.
 Aqsa Akbar part: Middle
 Language, culture and thoughts
When we think about how language or culture influences

thought, we generally consider how differences in
language and culture lead to differences in thought ?

What is language?
 The principal method of human communication, consisting of

words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed
by speech , writing or gesture.
A language is a system of communication which consists of a
set of sounds and written symbols which are used by the people
of a particular country or region for talking or writing.
Learning a language can be daunting, but it’s an important way
to connect with people from different cultures.
 What is culture?
Culture is an umbrella term which encompasses the social, behavior,
instructions , and norms found in human societies as well as the
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws , customs , capabilities, and habits of the
individuals in these groups .
culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or
location.
Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of
enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of
cultures across societies.
 Methods used in both cultural
anthropology and linguistics
1. We can observe people’s natural behavior and draw our conclusion about the
knowledge that must underlie it.
2. We can arrange interviews & ask people more or less direct questions about
their knowledge, taking their answers with a pinch of salt if need.
3. We can use ourselves as informant
4. we can conduct psychological experiments of one kind or another. Such as
measuring the length of time it takes people to perform certain tasks in order to
develop a measure of the relative complexity of the knowledge involved.
 What is thought ?
Thought :the term covers a number of different types of mental activity, and lies in
the province of cognitive psychology.
Thought ( memory)( preposition) ( concept) ( influence).
Memory :is the process in which information is encoded, stored)and,
Inference is a mental process by which we reach to a conclusion based on specific
evidence.
Propositions: may be either remembered (already stored in memory)or
inferred(worked out) it may be either something we know or something we discover to
add in our memories so that next time it will be there as knowledge.
Concepts: may either exist in our memories as a category used in thinking, or may
be created as a new category which could then be stored away in memory. As general
categories in term of which propositions are formulated and experience is processed.
 What is the relation between thought
& culture?
Given the definition of cultural as socially acquired knowledge, so culture is one part of
memory, namely the part which is acquired socially, it might be distinguished between
propositions which are known to be true from one’s own experience and those which have
been learned from other people.
.Non culture concept: is one which we build without reference to other people, as a
convenient way of interpreting our experience
 language , culture and thought
Culture may be defined as the kind of knowledge which we learn from other people,
either by direct instruction or by watching their behavior, since we learn our culture
from those around us. We may assume that we share it with them so this kind of
knowledge is likely to play a major role when we communicate with them& in
particular when we use language.
The same will be true for any knowledge that we share with other people, regardless
whether we learned it from them or not. Our knowledge consist of a vast network of
concepts interrelated by propositions.
 Misra Zafar part:
 Influence of thought and culture on
language
Questions raise that how does thought influence our

language? And how does culture organizes the structure
of language?
 Influence of perception on the lexicon
Perception: it is the mental image of human being and it is defined as human

recognition and interpretation of sensory information. Perception includes
that how we respond to the information.
Lexicon: it is a Greek word “lexis” which means “word” in Greek. It
basically means “ dictionary” which is a collection of words or a vocabulary
of a particular language. It is known as the branch of knowledge and its items
within a lexicon are called lexemes ( words).
 Continue…
The previous research in cognitive anthropology and psychology suggest

that the category of labels ( a word or phrase word) vary or differ across the
cultures. The lexical structures of labels of natural objects widely different in
environments, living style, from people living indigenous cultures, who are
without much modern technology, to the people living in urban,
industrialized environments. The labels of natural objects show the
perceptual or conceptual gaps of people which determine to everyone.
 Continue…
The naming of colors is a great example which appears to differ vastly

across languages. For example, the dani language in pap new guinea
doesn’t have specific terms which refer to hues (color). Except the terms
slightly refer to “dark/black” and “light/white”. Whereas, Russian
language has the 12 basic color terms (berlin & kay,1969). The diversity in
this domain can be seen in across the cultures. Berlin and Kay (1969)
argued that the naming of colors follows a systematic pattern in which the
numbers of color terms show that the specific hues/colors receive labels.
 Continue…
The recent proposal of Jameson and D’ Andrade (1997) which has analyzed
by regier, Kay and khetarpal (2007). They analyzed the color naming data
of speakers of 110 different languages, they reported that the assignment of
color categories increases the similarity within the categories, while it
reduces the similarity across categories. The linguistic convention modifies
this color assignment that color naming pattern follows a satisfactory result
that there are partitions of color across the cultures.
 Continue….
• Hungarian has twelve basic color terms. The research on the basic color terms
confirmed that Russian language does not have 12 basic color terms Hippisley (2001)
states that there are 2 basic color terms for blue.
Similarly the research on basic color terms of Hungarian represents that Hungarian
doesn't gave 12 basic color terms including 2 basic colors for red.
According to Berlin and kay (1969),Mandarin Chinese has six color terms including
white, black, red, green, yellow and blue.
 Influence of culture on lexical
categories:
The lexical of a language seems to reflect a culture’s value and systems. The language
has finer lexical distinction which tends to make for things that are important to a
culture. For example, the Japanese language has three different linguistic categories
about (rice), “kome (rice grain), “ine (rice crops)” and “gohan (cooked rice)”.
A single species of Japanese fish is named differently depending on maturity “mojako
(baby amberjack)”, “Hamachi (young mature amberjack)” and “buri(fully mature
amberjack)”.
Turkish makes a similar distinction among bluefish at different level of maturity, while
English distinguishes between sheep and lamb.
 Continue…
The Chinese languages makes distinction for kinship terms.
.
Continue…
In Mongolian language, there are many names for animals

such as horse , sheep , cow ,camel and goat but words
regarding fish are limited.
Further, the native American language have a list of
vocabularies about trees.
Majid and kruspe (2018) suggests that the presence of such
lexicon of color is linked to cultural importance in the light of
traditional values and beliefs.
 Fatima shahdad part : Conclusion
 INFLUENCE OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE ON
THOUGHT
The phrases we use to describe the things to ourselves and others

Language, culture connect to one another, has impact on thought
Culture effects though to make decisions
Culture influences how we see world, what selections we Make
 Whorfian hypothesis (strong
version)
American anthropologists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf

people from different language and culture think differently
examples of Whorfian hypothesis, word “eskimos” many words for
“snow”
for American ”eskimos” give different meanings.
 Whorfian hypothesis (Weaker
version)
Language influences thought, when we speak

language shape our thoughts
 Conclusion
thus, language, culture and thought can’t be separated

from one another
both language and culture effects on thought

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Cultural and Linguistic constraints on

Culture: the life style, art, custom, and background of a nation.

o This field studies the nature of cognitive development in regards to human

It’s very important because it is used for communicative abilities that

The early childhood is the foundation for cognitive learning. The

 The culture share elements and wordings that provides standard

 The culture influences by content of thoughts which are shared through

• Cultural models manage the ways by which people in their experiences

When we think about how language or culture influences

 The principal method of human communication, consisting of

Questions raise that how does thought influence our

Perception: it is the mental image of human being and it is defined as human

The previous research in cognitive anthropology and psychology suggest

The naming of colors is a great example which appears to differ vastly

The Chinese languages makes distinction for kinship terms.

In Mongolian language, there are many names for animals

The phrases we use to describe the things to ourselves and others

American anthropologists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf

Language influences thought, when we speak

thus, language, culture and thought can’t be separated

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