Introduction To Peripherals & Interfacing

Computer Peripheral & Interfacing
(Introduction )
Eisenhower matrix
Computer Hardware Organization
Computer Systems
R
Processor A
M
 Computer Systems
• Internal (processor + memory (RAM)
• Peripheral (Disk, Display, Audio,..)
Peripherals & Interfaces
R
Processor A
M
Peripherals : HD monitor, 5.1 speaker

 Interfaces : Intermediate Hardware
Nvidia GPU card, Creative Sound Blaster card
 Interfaces : Intermediate Software/Program
Nvidia GPU driver , Sound Blaster Driver software
Peripherals
Generally – Any auxiliary device such as a computer
mouse or keyboard, that connects to and works with the
computer in some way.
Examples:
expansion cards, graphics cards,
image scanners, tape drives,
microphones, loudspeakers,
webcams, and digital cameras, etc.

Peripheral
A peripheral is a device that is connected to a
host computer, but not part of it.
It expands the host's capabilities but does not form part
of the core computer architecture.
It is often, but not always, partially or completely
dependent on the host.
Types:
 Input, used to interact with, or send data to the computer
 Output, which provides output to the user from the
computer
 Storage, which stores data processed by the computer
Interface
In general – A point where two systems, subjects,
organizations, etc. meet and interact.
In Computing – An interface is a shared boundary across
which two or more separate components of a computer
system exchange information.
The exchange can be between software, computer hardware,
peripheral devices, humans, and combinations of these.
User Interface?
Command Line Interface?
Interfacing
The technique by which we can add additional devices with
the main processor called interfacing.
An interface is the point of interaction with software, or
computer hardware, or with peripheral devices.
Types:
 Hardware interfaces
 Software interfaces
Why Interfacing?
Computer peripherals all have different characteristics.
For example, they may:
 Have different data transfer rates;
 Use a wide variety of codes and control signals;
 Transmit data in serial or in parallel form;
 Even work at higher voltages than the CPU;
 All operate at much slower speeds than the CPU.

Interfaces (BHCVC)
The main functions of an interface that you need to know about
are:
 Buffering
 Handling of status signals (off-line, busy, ready)
 Off-line: Not ready to receive data

 Busy: Buffer full – not able to receive data
 Ready: On-line and ready to receive data
Interfaces (BHCVC)
The main functions of an interface that you need to know about
are:
 Converting data to and from serial and parallel forms;
 Voltage conversion;
 Converting data to and from analogue and digital forms;

Interface Standards
Interface Description
RS232 Recommended Standard (Serial)
SCSI Small computer Systems Interface ( Parallel)
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment – up to 1.5Gbps
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers e.g. firewire
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
USB 1, 2 & 3 Universal Serial Bus
Interface Standards
The use of interface standards by a computer
manufacturer means that their computers will be able to
connect to peripherals using the same standards.
Makes them COMPATABLE!!!

Hardware interfaces
Hardware interfaces exist in computing systems between
many of the components such as the various buses, storage
devices, other I/O devices.
Types:
 Parallel Interface
 Serial Interface
Parallel Interface
A parallel interface refers to a multiline channel, each line

capable of transmitting several bits of data simultaneously.
Most commonly, personal computers (PCs) have at least

one parallel interface for connecting a printer using a
parallel port.
Serial Interface
A serial interface is a communication interface between
two digital systems that transmits data as a series of voltage
pulses down a wire.
A "1" is represented by a high logical voltage and a "0" is
represented by a low logical voltage.
Bus
A bus is a communication system that transfers data
between components inside a computer, or between
computers.
This expression covers all related hardware components
(wire, optical fiber, etc.) and software, including
communication protocol.
Types:
• Internal bus
• External bus
Internal Bus
The internal bus connects all the internal components of a
computer, such as CPU and memory, to the motherboard.
Also known as internal data bus, memory bus, system bus

or Front-Side-Bus
 Internal data buses are also referred to as a local bus,

because they are intended to connect to local devices.
External Bus
The external bus is made up of the electronic pathways
that connect the different external devices, such as printer
etc., to the computer.
Also known as expansion bus.

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Computer Peripheral & Interfacing

Peripherals : HD monitor, 5.1 speaker

expansion cards, graphics cards,

image scanners, tape drives,

webcams, and digital cameras, etc.

 Use a wide variety of codes and control signals;

 Transmit data in serial or in parallel form;

 Even work at higher voltages than the CPU;

 All operate at much slower speeds than the CPU.

 Handling of status signals (off-line, busy, ready)

 Off-line: Not ready to receive data

 Converting data to and from analogue and digital forms;

Makes them COMPATABLE!!!

A parallel interface refers to a multiline channel, each line

Most commonly, personal computers (PCs) have at least

Also known as internal data bus, memory bus, system bus

 Internal data buses are also referred to as a local bus,

Also known as expansion bus.

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