Stairs

STAIRCASE
Basic Of
Construction Studies
Nikhil Agarwal
B.Voc Interior
Design-2nd
Semester
Introduction of staircase
A stair may be defined as series of steps suitably arranged for the purpose connecting different floors of a building. It may also be defined as an
arrangement of treads, risers, stringers, newel posts, hand rails and baluster, so designed and constructed as to provide an easy and quick
access to the different floors, rendering comfort and safety to the users.
Stair may be made from various materials like timber, stones, bricks, steel, plain, concrete or R.C.C. the selection of the type of material to be
used depends upon the aesthetical importance, funds available, durability desired and fire resisting quality expected.
Location of staircase
The location of stairs in a building requires careful consideration. In the advent of fire or any
such calamity, stairs provide the only means of communication and as such they are so
located as to serve the purpose for which they are provided.
• In public building it should be located near the main entrance and;
• in residential building it should be placed centrally so as to provide easy access from all
the room and to maintain privacy at the same time.

Requirements of good stairs
• A well-planned and designed stair should provide an easy, quick safe mode of communication between the various floors.
1. Location - It should be so located that sufficient light and ventilation is ensured in the stairway. If possible it should be located Milly so as to
be easily accessible from the different corners of the wilding
2. Width of a Stair - Width of a stair varies with the situation and purpose for which it is provided. In public building, where there is angular
traffic of people using the stair-way, its width should be sufficient while in a residential building it may be just the minimum. The Wally
adopted average value of the stair width for public and residential building is 18 m and 90 cm respectively.
3. Length of Flight - For the comfortable ascent of stair-way the number of steps in a flight should be restricted to a maximum of 12 an
minimum of 3.
4. Pitch of Stair - The pitch of long stair should be made flatter by introducing landings to make the ascent less tiresome and less dangerous. In
general, the slope of stair should never exceed 40° and should not be flatter than 25°
5. Head room - The head room or the clear distance between the tread and the soffit of the flight immediately above it should not be less than
2:14 m.
6. Materials - The stair should preferably be constructed o materials which possess fire-resisting qualities.
7. Balustrade - The open well stairs should be provided with balustrade so as to minimize the danger of accidents.
8. Landing - The width of landing should not be less than the width of stair.
9. Winders - The introduction of winders in stair should be avoided as far as possible. They are liable to be dangerous. However, where the
winders cannot be dispensed with, they should preferably be provided near the lower end of the flight. Thus instead of quarters space
landing, three winders may be used and for a half-space landing, five winders or four radiating risers may be adopted.
10. Step proportions - The rise and tread of each step in a stair should be of uniform dimensions throughout. The ratio of the step should be so
proportioned as to ensure a comfortable access to the stairway
Types Of Staircase
1. Straight Stairs
2. Open Newel Stairs
3. Dog Legged Stair
4. Circular Stair
5. Geometrical Stair
6. Bifurcated Stair
Stair Of Different Material

1. Wooden Stair
2. Stone Stair
3. Metal Stair
4. Reinforced Concrete Stair
Straight stairs
The most obvious use of the straight stair is to
form an access to entrance, porch or portico.
Straight stairs cannot be avoided in places, where
the stair-case hall is long and narrow and the
possibility of any other form of stair may not be
practically possible. In this form of stair, all the
steps rise in the same direction.
Dog-legged stairs
It consists of two straight flights of steps with
abrupt turn between them. Usually, a level
landing is placed across the two flights at the
change of direction. This type of stair is useful
where the width of the stair-case hall is just
sufficient to accommodate two widths of stair.
Open-newel stairs
It consists of two or more straight flights
arranged in such a manner that a clear
space called a 'well' occurs between the
backward and the forward flights.
Geometrical stairs
This is similar to the open-newel stair with
the difference that the open well between
the forward and the backward flight is
curved. In this form of stair, the change in
direction is obtained through winders.
Circular stairs
Circular stair is commonly provided at the
backside of a building for rendering access to
its various floors for service purposes. The
circular stairs are commonly constructed in
R.C.C., cast iron or stone. In this form of stairs
all the steps radiate from a newel post or
well hole, in the form of winders.
Bifurcated stairs
This type of stair is provided in modern
public buildings. In this type of stairs, the
flights are so arranged that there is a wide
flight at the start which is sub-divided into
narrow flights at the mid-landing. The two
narrow flights start from either side of the
mid-landing.
Stairs of different materials
Wooden stairs
Timber is mainly used for stair construction
where fire-resistance is not of much
consideration. Timber stairs are cheap, easy
in construction and maintenance and light in
weight. Timber stair constructed from fire
resisting hard wood, like oak, teak,
mahogany etc., using minimum thickness of
various members as 5 cm.
Stone stairs
Stair made out of hard, strong, resistant to
wear stones are found to be durable and fire
resisting. They are commonly constructed in
workshops, warehouses and other public
buildings. Their usage residential building is
generally restricted to outside stairs.
Reinforced concrete stairs
Reinforced concrete stairs predominate the stairs
made from wood, stone or metal. This is because
of the various advantages R.C.C. has over other
materials. Reinforced concrete is perhaps the most
suitable of all the said materials for the
construction of stairs. R.C.C. stairs can be molded in
any desired form to suit the requirements of the
architect.
Metal stairs
They are usually fabricated from steel and cast iron
and their use in generally restricted to factories,
godowns etc. In its simplest form, a metal stair
consists of steel stringer to which steel angles are
riveted or welded and metal treads are provided
over them. Sometimes concrete is filled in steel
grating to from the treads.

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STAIRCASE

located as to serve the purpose for which they are provided.

• In public building it should be located near the main entrance and;

the room and to maintain privacy at the same time.

Stair Of Different Material

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