q3 w2 Science 10

The Power and Control
of the Nervous System

Pass the Chip!
Can you still recall the discussion last
meeting?
01
What are the three accessory

glands that nourishes the sperm
cells?
02
It is the passage that allows fluids

to flow inside and out of uterus.
03
About how many sperm cells does

a man release per ejaculation?
04
These are the two-oval shaped

male organs that produce sperm
and hormone testosterone.
05
It is the thin hairless ridges at the

entrance of the vagina.
Ms. Aira says…
Simon says 2.0
MS. AIRA SAYS…
01 03
BRAIN TOUCH
Hands in your 02 Stretch your
head! HEART hands sideward!
Place your hands at
chest level!
Which is
which?
Which among the two
functions is the function of
the nervous system?
Which is the function of the nervous system?
FUNCTION 1 FUNCTION 2
It exchanges gases It gathers information
between the external both from the outside
environment and the world and from the inside
blood. of the body.
It transmits information to It produces hormones that
the processing areas in regulate the activities of
the brain and spinal cells and organisms.
cord.
It processes information It digests and absorbs
to determine the best nutrients from the food.
response.
It maintains posture and It sends information to

position of the body muscles, glands,and organs
so they can respond
correctly.
BRAIN
SPINAL CORD
NERVES
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Major control system of

homeostasis and the “main
processing center”
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
It provides monitoring, response,
and regulation of all systems in
the human body and other
organisms
VIRTUAL
LAB!
https://human.biodigital.com/view?
id=production/maleAdult/
male_system_nervous_16&lang=en
How we divide nervous system?
CENTRAL NERVOUS PERIPHERAL

SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
➔ Brain ➔ Nerves
➔ Spinal cord
CNS + PNS = teamwork!
Central Nervous System and Peripheral

Nervous System work together to make
rapid changes in your body in response
to stimuli.
CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
“central” because it is the brain
and spinal cord that are
primarily responsible for
processing sensory information
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
The largest part of the brain,
the cerebrum initiates and
coordinates movement and
regulates temperature. Other
areas of the cerebrum enable
speech, judgment, thinking and
reasoning, problem-solving,
emotions and learning. Other
functions relate to vision,
hearing, touch and other senses.
Aristotle referred to it as the
“small brain” based on its
appearance and it is principally
involved with movement and
posture although it is also
associated with a variety of
other thinking processes
❏ Second to the largest part of
brain
❏ It coordinates the actions of

the muscles and maintain
balance.
❏ Balance, equilibrium, and
posture are coordinated by
the cerebellum.
Cerebral hemisphere
The brainstem is the structure
that connects the cerebrum of
the brain to the spinal cord and
cerebellum. It is composed of
three sections in descending
order: the midbrain, pons, and
medulla oblongata
MIDBRAIN
● Visual
● Auditory
Reflexes
PONS
Helps control
respiratory
functions
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA
Controls involuntary
actions:
● Heartbeat
● Breathing
● Blood pressure
relay station
● Link bet. endocrine

and nervous system
● Monitors internal
condition
connects limbic
system to other
parts of brain
SPINAL
CORD
SPINAL CORD
● Relays nerve impulses to and from the
brain
● The brain, in turn, sends impulses down
the spinal cord to the motor nerves of
the PNS
SPINAL
MENINGES
REFLEX ARC
SPINAL REFLEX
does not involve the brain
What enables it to transmit
message to one another?
NEURONS
The basic functional units of structure and function of the nervous system.
Tiny, branching, threadlike
structures.
Pass on messages to the dendrites of

other neurons and usually found some
distance from the cell.
Long, taillike fiber that

extends from the cell
body.
Covers the axon, which speed up the

travel of the nerve impulses.
TYPES OF NEURONS
Sensory Neurons
-also called afferent neurons
-receive initial stimuli from receptors.
Interneurons
-also called connector neurons or association neurons
-They “read” the impulses sent by sensory neurons.
-found in the spinal cord and brain.
Motor Neurons
-also called efferent neurons
-transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the effector cell or organ
such as the muscles, organs, and glands.
This is how it looks like in our
brain
How we divide nervous system?
CENTRAL NERVOUS PERIPHERAL

SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
➔ Brain ➔ Nerves
➔ Spinal cord
Autonomic vs. Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system
Involuntary Voluntary
Regulates the functions of internal organ (heart,

Regulates voluntary movements
stomach, lungs and intestines).
Part of the peripheral nervous system connects the

It also controls some of the muscles within the
brain to the motor neurons such as those found in
body.
the skeletal muscles
For example, we do not notice when We are in control of this system (voluntary) and
blood vessels change size or when our heart we use it when we want
beats faster. to make our muscles move
SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC
Involved in the fight or flight response. Involved in maintaining homeostasis and also, permits the rest
and digest response.
The sympathetic system prepares the body for any potential The parasympathetic system aims to bring the body to a state
danger. of calm.
Sympathetic system has shorter neuron pathways, hence a Has comparatively longer neuron pathways, hence a slower
faster response time. response time.
Increases heartbeat, muscles tense up. Reduces heartbeat, muscles relaxes.
The pupil dilates to let in more light. The pupil contracts.
Saliva secretion is inhibited. Saliva secretion increases, digestion increases.
On “fight and flight” situations, Adrenaline is released by the No such functions exist in “fight or flight” situations.
adrenal glands; more glycogen is converted to glucose.
The nervous
system runs the
show
Did you
know?
STEPHEN HAWKING
How can you keep your nervous

system healthy?
LOBES OF THE BRAIN
PREVENTION, DETECTION
AND TREATMENT OF
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
INFECTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
Encephalitis- is an acute
infection and inflammation of the
brain. It is usually caused by a
virus such as herpes simplex
virus (HSV) and enterovirus, and
in rare cases, by bacteria or
amoeba.
Meningitis- is an inflammation of
the meninges and the membranes
surrounding the brain and the
spinal cord.
Rabies- is a viral infection

transmitted through bites by
infected animals such as
dogs and cats.
Tetanus or lockjaw- is a
disease caused by a certain
bacteria found in soil
contaminated with animal
waste. It is often introduced
into the body via open
wounds.
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
Epilepsy- is a brain disorder

associated with seizures,
involuntary movement, and loss
of consciousness.
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
Neurodegenerative diseases- are characterized by damage or

death of neurons in specific parts of the brain or spinal cord
which could lead to dysfunction and disabilities.
Two classes: Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s disease

NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
Parkinson’s disease- is a progressive disease of the nervous
system that affects the patient’s movement. It is named after
English physician James Parkinson who first described the
disorder.
- a protein-protein complex of alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin
accumulates in the neurons, causing the cell to become
unresponsive to some neurotransmitters.
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
Parkinson's disease- is a brain
disorder that causes unintended or
uncontrollable movements, such as
shaking, stiffness, and difficulty
with balance and coordination.
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
Alzheimer's disease- is a condition characterized by severe
deterioration which gets worse over time. Patients experience a
decrease in their brain size , which results from the degeneration
of brain cells, causing a decline in memory and mental function.
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND

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The Power and Control

of the Nervous System

What are the three accessory

It is the passage that allows fluids

About how many sperm cells does

These are the two-oval shaped

It is the thin hairless ridges at the

It maintains posture and It sends information to

Major control system of

CENTRAL NERVOUS PERIPHERAL

Central Nervous System and Peripheral

❏ It coordinates the actions of

● Link bet. endocrine

Pass on messages to the dendrites of

Long, taillike fiber that

Covers the axon, which speed up the

CENTRAL NERVOUS PERIPHERAL

Regulates the functions of internal organ (heart,

Part of the peripheral nervous system connects the

Increases heartbeat, muscles tense up. Reduces heartbeat, muscles relaxes.

The pupil dilates to let in more light. The pupil contracts.

Saliva secretion is inhibited. Saliva secretion increases, digestion increases.

How can you keep your nervous

Rabies- is a viral infection

Epilepsy- is a brain disorder

Neurodegenerative diseases- are characterized by damage or

Two classes: Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s disease

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