Lecture 3 PEF 303
Lecture 3 PEF 303
• All grains are not fully exposed to the same condition of drying air
• Condition of drying air changes with time and depth of grain bed
• Rate of airflow per unit mass of grain is small
• Drying of grain in deep bin can be taken as sum of several thin layers
• Humidity & temperature of air entering & leaving each layer vary with
time
• Volume of drying zone varies with temp & humidity of entering air,
moisture content of grain & velocity of air
• Continuous flow dryer
• Columnar type dryer in which wet grains flow from top to the bottom
of the dryer
• Two types
• Mixing
• Non-mixing
• Mixing
• Grains are diverted in the dryer by providing baffles
• Use low air flow rates of 50-95 m3/min/tonne
• Zig-zag columns enclosed by screens are used to achieve mixing High
drying air temperature of 65°C is used
Baffle dryer
• Continuous flow mixing type dryer
• Consists of receiving bin, drying chamber fitted with baffles, plenum
fitted with hot air inlet
• Baffles are fitted to divert the flow & also for mixing
• Grain fed at the top & move downward in a zig-zag path where it
encounters a cross flow of hot air
• Bucket elevator is used to recirculate the grain till the grain is dried to
desired moisture level
• Uniformly dried product is obtained
Non-mixing
1. Belt conveyor
2. Bucket elevator
3. Screw conveyor
4. Chain Conveyor
5. Pneumatic conveyor
Belt conveyors
A belt conveyor is an endless belt operating
between two pulleys with its load supported on
idlers.
Generally, for grain conveying, belt speed of 2.5 to
2.8
m/s is recommended.
Capacity, m2/h = (area of cross section-m2)X(belt speed, m/min)X 6O
Belt conveyor
idlers
1.The flat belt idlers are used for
granular materials having an angle
of repose of not less than 35°.
2.Troughing idlers with 20° trough is
used for conveying all kinds of bulk
materials.
3.Troughing idlers with 35° and 45°
trough angle is mainly used for
transportation of small particle light
weight materials like grain, cotton
seed etc
Idler Spacing
The space between the successive idlers should be
approximately equal to the width of belt. The spacing should
not exceed 1·2 metres.
Belt tension:-
Bucket size
Conveying speed
Bucket design
Spacing
Way of loading and unloading
The characteristic of bulk material
The main parts of a bucket
elevator are,
Elevator Belts
Buckets
HP requirement
The theoretical horsepower should be increased 10-15% to
• Hp = QHF/ 4562
provide for friction and power requirements for loading,
power transmission and drive losses.
• where,
Power requirement
Horse power =
QLWF/4560
where,
Q = conveyor capacity, m3/hr
L = conveyor length, m
W = bulk material weight,
Pneumatic Conveyor :-