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    HYPOTHYROIDISM

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    Varun Singh
    Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the body's needs. It has various causes including autoimmune disorders, iatrogenic causes from radiation or surgery, drug interactions, congenital disorders, iodine deficiency, and infiltrative diseases. Symptoms include fatigue, dry skin, feeling cold, hair loss, constipation, and weight gain. Diagnosis involves testing TSH and free T4 levels. Treatment is daily levothyroxine replacement therapy, with dosages based on weight and TSH levels, aiming to achieve a normal TSH level.

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    HYPOTHYROIDISM

    Uploaded by

    Varun Singh
    54 views11 pages
    Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the body's needs. It has various causes including autoimmune disorders, iatrogenic causes from radiation or surgery, drug interactions, congenital disorders, iodine deficiency, and infiltrative diseases. Symptoms include fatigue, dry skin, feeling cold, hair loss, constipation, and weight gain. Diagnosis involves testing TSH and free T4 levels. Treatment is daily levothyroxine replacement therapy, with dosages based on weight and TSH levels, aiming to achieve a normal TSH level.

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    Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the body's needs. It has various causes including autoimmune disorders, iatrogenic causes from radiation or surgery, drug interactions, congenital disorders, iodine deficiency, and infiltrative diseases. Symptoms include fatigue, dry skin, feeling cold, hair loss, constipation, and weight gain. Diagnosis involves testing TSH and free T4 levels. Treatment is daily levothyroxine replacement therapy, with dosages based on weight and TSH levels, aiming to achieve a normal TSH level.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    54 views11 pages

    HYPOTHYROIDISM

    Uploaded by

    Varun Singh
    Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the body's needs. It has various causes including autoimmune disorders, iatrogenic causes from radiation or surgery, drug interactions, congenital disorders, iodine deficiency, and infiltrative diseases. Symptoms include fatigue, dry skin, feeling cold, hair loss, constipation, and weight gain. Diagnosis involves testing TSH and free T4 levels. Treatment is daily levothyroxine replacement therapy, with dosages based on weight and TSH levels, aiming to achieve a normal TSH level.

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    HYPOTHYROIDISM

    -Deepak Kumar
    Roll no 67
    DEFINITION
    • Failure of the Thyroid gland to produce sufficient
    thyroid hormone to meet the metabolic demands
    of the body
    CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
    Primary
    • Autoimmune hypothyroidism: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, atrophic
    thyroiditis
    • Iatrogenic: 131I treatment, subtotal or total thyroidectomy, external
    irradiation of neck for lymphoma or cancer
    • Drugs: lithium, antithyroid drugs, p-aminosalicylic acid, interferon α and
    other cytokines,tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib)
    • Congenital hypothyroidism: absent or ectopic thyroid gland,
    dyshormonogenesis, TSH-R mutation
    • Iodine deficiency
    • Infiltrative disorders: amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis,
    scleroderma, Riedel’s thyroiditis
    Transient
    • Silent thyroiditis, including postpartum thyroiditis
    • Subacute thyroiditis
    • Withdrawal of supraphysiologic thyroxine
    treatment in individuals with an intact thyroid
    • After 131I treatment or subtotal thyroidectomy for
    Graves’ disease
    Secondary
    • Hypopituitarism: tumors, pituitary surgery or irradiation,
    infiltrative disorders, Sheehan’s syndrome, trauma, genetic
    forms of combined pituitary hormone deficiencies
    • Isolated TSH deficiency or inactivity
    • Hypothalamic disease: tumors, trauma, infiltrative
    disorders, idiopathic
    CLINICAL FEATURES
    SYMPTOMS
    • Tiredness, weakness
    • Dry skin
    • Feeling cold
    • Hair loss
    • Difficulty concentrating and poor memory
    • Constipation
    • Weight gain with poor appetite
    • Dyspnea
    • Hoarse voice
    • Menorrhagia (later oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea)
    • Paresthesia
    • Impaired hearing
    Signs
    • Dry coarse skin; cool peripheral
    extremities
    • Puffy face, hands, and feet
    (myxedema)
    • Diffuse alopecia
    • Bradycardia
    • Peripheral edema
    • Delayed tendon reflex relaxation
    • Carpal tunnel syndrome
    • Serous cavity effusions
    Investigations
    • TSH levels- may be elevated or normal
    • Free T4 levels- may be low or normal
    • Thyroid peroxide (TPO) antibody assay
    • MRI - If secondary hypothyroidism is suspected
    TREATMENT
    CLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

    • If there is no residual thyroid function, the daily replacement dose of


    levothyroxine is usually 1.6 μg/kg body weight (typically 100–150 μg), ideally
    taken at least 30 min before breakfast.
    • Adult patients under 60 years old without evidence of heart disease may be
    started on 50–100 μg levothyroxine (T4) daily.
    • The dose is adjusted on the basis of TSH levels, with the goal of treatment being
    a normal TSH, ideally in the lower half of the reference range.

    • SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

    • Treatment is administered by starting with a low dose of levothyroxine (25–50


    μg/d) with the goal of normalizing TSH.
    • If levothyroxine is not given, thyroid function should be evaluated annually.
    Thank you

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